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Endocrine Physio Quiz 4 > Aniko's Review > Flashcards

Aniko's Review Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are stimulated by a.a.’s?

A

?

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2
Q

What is the glucose sensor enzyme? Where is it expressed?

A

?

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3
Q

What does insulin do to liver?

A

?

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4
Q

Which tissues express GLUT4?

A

SKM and adipose tissue

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5
Q

What effects does insulin have on SKM?

A

?

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6
Q

What effects does insulin have on adipose tissue?

A
  • stim glucose uptake
  • lipogenesis
  • *It’s the building up hormone.
  • activates lipoprotein lipase
  • [keep going]
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7
Q

Summarize (slide) insulin action

A

?

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8
Q

What is most important counter-reg hormone? What’s it’s target?

A

glucagon, target liver

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9
Q

What stimulates glucagon secretion? Where and how triggered?

A

low blood glucose; alpha cells of pancreas also have glucokinase

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10
Q

What is GLP1 and why inhibit it?

A

glucagon-like peptide; enhances insulin

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11
Q

What is c-peptide?

A

It is cleaved from pro-insulin and is found in a 1:1 ratio with insulin in the blood. Exogenous insulin does NOT have c-peptide (DDx of insulin poisoning)

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12
Q

What is the insulin effect on lipoprotein lipase? On hormone-sensitive lipase?

What effect would counter-regulatory hormones have?

A

stimulates LPL activity and downregs HSL activity

counter-reg effect is opposite

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13
Q

What are the metabolic effects of TH?

A
  • incr basal metab rate
  • reg water/ion transport
  • cholest (decr)/fat metab (incr lipolysis)
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14
Q

How is TH release reg’d?

A

TRH->TSH->T4->T3

-negative feedback at both hypothal and pit

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15
Q

S/Sx of hyperthyreosis

A

-nervous, eat a lot, high BP, temp, lose wt., ex

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16
Q

What is Graves’ dz?

A

auto-immune, Ig activates stimulates TSH receptor

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17
Q

myxedema

A

non-pitting edema due to incr c.t. (e.g. proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid)

common sx of hypothyroidism

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18
Q

pathophysiology of maternal iodine deficiency

A

mother is iodine deficient but has enough to make T3 so therefore mom is euthyroid, but cannot make t4

  • only t4 can cross placenta
  • fetus doesn’t get any TH, therefore
  • TH is req’d for CNS development in utero
  • causes MR
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19
Q

What hormones regulate Ca2+?

A

PTH
1,25-(OH)2-D3
calcitonin

20
Q

PTH

A 
essential
incr plasma [Ca} and REDUCE plasma [PO4]
-incr absorption in the gut
-incr reabsorption in the PT
-stimulate D3 synth in kidney?

In Bone:

  • stimulates osteoclasts
  • inhibits collagen formation
21
Q

When might you get acute low Ca2+?

A

anx attack—>hypervent—>acute resp acidosis

FINISH ME

22
Q

Effects of vitamin D3?

23
Q

How does parathyroid sense ca level?

A

-chief cells sense plasma [Ca] via GCPR

(B and E) incorrect

24
Q

What does gastrin do? Where is it made?

A

made in g-cells

  • increases (with histamine and ACh) ups HCl production of parietal (oxyntic) cells of the stomach
  • incr thickness of stomach mucosa
  • gut motility
25
Q

What does CCK do?

26
Q

What stims CCK release?

A

peptides and a.a.’s in chyme = MAJOR stim of CCK release

-also:

27
Q

What does secretin do?

A

incr pancreatic release of HCO3- and H2O

28
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

A

gastrinoma
-tumor that produces a lot of gastrin
-present with ulcers
-

29
Q

How do you test for Z-E syndrome?

A

give exogenous secretin; in healthy pt this would decr gastrin
-in Z-E pts gastrin is stimulated

30
Q

What is bombesin?

A
  • a.k.a. GRP (gastrin-releasing peptide)

- releases gastrin (vagal: smell/see food)

31
Q

Leptin

A

made by adipocytes; stimulates satiety

-low leptin: leads to obesity

32
Q

ghrelin

A

made in stomach: hunger hormone; responds to low E state

33
Q

What is the effect of GH on blood sugar?

A
  • initial hypoglycemia (b/c acts through IGF)

- long-term hyperglycemia

34
Q

What stimulates GH secretion?

A

GHRH and ghrelin

  • hypoglycemia
  • amino acids (arg)
  • Deep sleep (not REM)
  • Exercise
35
Q

What inhibits GH?

A
  • somatostatin

- IGF and free FAs = negative feedback

36
Q

What is Laron dwarfism?

A

GH receptor not working right: high GH but low IGF

37
Q

Compare and contrast androgen and estrogen effects on growth

A

Androgen: promote linear growth initially
Estrogen: decreases linear growth
BOTH: will cause epiphyseal plate closure

38
Q

Inhibitors of prostaglandins

A

-aspirin—irreversible COX1 and COX2 inhibition

-

39
Q

prostaglandin I2

A 
a.k.a. prostacyclin
—antagonizes thromboxane
-made in endothelial cells
-prevents clotting
-vaso-dialates
40
Q

Pathophysiology of ulcers in NSAID usage

A

Inhibition of COX1—>causes inhibition of Prostaglandin E which is protective against stomach acid
—

41
Q

What was the problem with VIOXX?

A

inhibits prostacyclin but not thromboxane

42
Q

Respiratory alkalosis pathophys

43
Q

21-hydroxylase deficiency

44
Q

11-beta hydroxysteroid

A

AME (apparent mineralcoriticosteroid excess)

  • acts like aldosterone
  • HYPOkalemia
45
Q

Aldosterone, thirst and ADH on Sodium

A
  • aldosterone regulates TOTAL BODY Na+

- ADH and thirst regulate plasma [Na+]

Endocrine Physio Quiz 4 (5 decks)

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