Aniko's Review Flashcards
What hormones are stimulated by a.a.’s?
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What is the glucose sensor enzyme? Where is it expressed?
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What does insulin do to liver?
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Which tissues express GLUT4?
SKM and adipose tissue
What effects does insulin have on SKM?
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What effects does insulin have on adipose tissue?
- stim glucose uptake
- lipogenesis
- *It’s the building up hormone.
- activates lipoprotein lipase
- [keep going]
Summarize (slide) insulin action
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What is most important counter-reg hormone? What’s it’s target?
glucagon, target liver
What stimulates glucagon secretion? Where and how triggered?
low blood glucose; alpha cells of pancreas also have glucokinase
What is GLP1 and why inhibit it?
glucagon-like peptide; enhances insulin
What is c-peptide?
It is cleaved from pro-insulin and is found in a 1:1 ratio with insulin in the blood. Exogenous insulin does NOT have c-peptide (DDx of insulin poisoning)
What is the insulin effect on lipoprotein lipase? On hormone-sensitive lipase?
What effect would counter-regulatory hormones have?
stimulates LPL activity and downregs HSL activity
counter-reg effect is opposite
What are the metabolic effects of TH?
- incr basal metab rate
- reg water/ion transport
- cholest (decr)/fat metab (incr lipolysis)
How is TH release reg’d?
TRH->TSH->T4->T3
-negative feedback at both hypothal and pit
S/Sx of hyperthyreosis
-nervous, eat a lot, high BP, temp, lose wt., ex
What is Graves’ dz?
auto-immune, Ig activates stimulates TSH receptor
myxedema
non-pitting edema due to incr c.t. (e.g. proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid)
common sx of hypothyroidism
pathophysiology of maternal iodine deficiency
mother is iodine deficient but has enough to make T3 so therefore mom is euthyroid, but cannot make t4
- only t4 can cross placenta
- fetus doesn’t get any TH, therefore
- TH is req’d for CNS development in utero
- causes MR