Angular limb deformities in foals

Question 1

Which statement regarding limb conformation in foals with angular limb deformities is correct?

a. With valgus deformities there is usually a certain degree of outward rotation of the feet.
b. With varus deformities, there is usually a certain degree of outward rotation of the feet.
c. With valgus deformities, there is usually a certain degree of inward rotation of the feet.
d. Rotational deformities are uncommon in foals with angular limb deformities.

Answer 1

With valgus deformities there is usually a certain degree of outward rotation of the feet.

Question 2

Which of the following is not part of the multifactorial complex implicated in development of angular limb deformities in foals?

a. abnormal fetal limb positioning
b. placentitis
c. hypoplasia of the proximal sesamoid bones
d. growth-plate trauma

Answer 2

hypoplasia of the proximal sesamoid bones

Question 3

Which statement regarding dx of angular limb deformities in foals is true?

a. Regardless of the degree & location of the deformity, all foals should have their limbs radiographed at the initial examination.
b. The limb can usually be manually straightened in foals with asymmetric physeal or epiyseal growth
c. The limb can usually be manually straightened in foals with hypoplasia of the carpal bones
d. Radiography is useful in determining the degree of rotational deformity

Answer 3

Radiography is useful in determining the degree of rotational deformity

Question 4

Which statement regarding the diagnostic workup in foals w/ tarsal angular limb deformities is correct?

a. a dorsoplantar radiographic view is especially useful in identifying tarsal bone hypoplasia
b. a lateromedial radiographic view is especially useful in identifying tarsal bone hypoplasia
c. clinicians should rely heavily on a dorsoplantar radiographic view for exact id and evel of the location & degree of tarsal angular limb deformities
d. concurrent rotation deformities are best identified using radiography

Question 5

which of the following is the most likely cause of carpal angular deformities in newborn foals

a. asymmetric growth at the distal radial growth plate
b. periarticular laxity
c. delayed ossification of the epiphysis
d. asymmetric growth at the distal radial growth plate & epiphyseal growth cartilage

Question 6

Which statement regarding congenital hypothyroidism is correct.

1. it has been implicated as a cuase of uneven physeal growth
2. it has been implicated as a cause of delayed ossification of the carpal & tarsal cuboidal bones
3. it has been implicated as a cause of delayed epiphyseal ossification
4. it is often associated with abnormal fetal limb positioning

Answer 6

it has been implicated as a cause of delayed ossification of the carpal & tarsal cuboidal bones

Question 7

Foals with tarsal bone hypoplasia tend to present with

1. valgus deformity
2. varus deformity
3. valgus deformity & straight-hocked appearance
4. valgus deformity & sickle-hocked appearance

Question 8

which statement regarding physical examination of foals w/ angular limb deformities is true

1. angular limb deformities are often associated with some degree of lameness in the affected limb(s)
2. angular limb deformities are normally associated with heat, pain, and swelling at the site of the deformity
3. in mmose cases, foals with angular limb deformities are not lame
4. 1 & 2

Question 9

which statement regarding foals with cuboidal bone hypoplasia is correct

1. if left untreated, cuboidal bone hypyplasia results in a manually irreducible deformity within 2 wks
2. if left untreated, cuboidal bone hypyplasia results in a manually irreducible deformity within 2 days
3. manual reducibility of this condition is not time dependent
4. this condition is never manually reducible

Answer 9

if left untreated, cuboidal bone hypyplasia results in a manually irreducible deformity within 2 wks

Question 10

angular limb deformities most often originate within the carpal, tarsal, __________ joint regions

1. or distal interphlangeal
2. or proximal interphalangeal
3. or metacarpo- or metatarsophalangeal
4. distal interphalangeal, or metacrop- or metatarso-phalangeal