Anglų Flashcards
Abbreviations
a short form of a word or phrase - Santrupos
Primes
a short nucleic acid sequence that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis - Pradžios taškai
Molar concentrations
a measure of the concentration of a chemical species/ method of expressing the concentration of a solute in the given solution - Molinės koncentracijos
Double helix
description of the molecular shape of a double-stranded DNA molecule. – Dviguba spiralė
Insoluble
incapable of dissolving in a solvent - Netirpus
Polarity
the persistent asymmetrical and ordered distribution of structures along an axis - Poliškumas
***the property of having poles or being polar.
Contribution
the giving or supplying of something (such as money or time) as a part or share – Prisidėti
Dna chain
DNR Grandis
DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is known as a DNA chain, or a DNA strand.
Nucleotide
A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base - Nukleotidas
Protein
a naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds - Baltymas
in vitro
performed or taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism.(in vitro)
Complementary
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other or another(Papildomas)
Palindrome
a word, phrase, or sequence that reads the same backwards as forwards(Palindromas)
Pattern
a model or design used as a guide in needlework and other crafts(Raštas)
Occur
exist or be found to be present in a place or under a particular set of conditions(Pasitaiko)
Stretch
straighten or extend one’s body or a part of one’s body to its full length, typically so as to tighten one’s muscles or in order to reach something(Tempas)
Axis
an imaginary line about which a body rotates(Ašis)
hydrogen bonds
a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.(vandenilio ryšiai)
Ataxia
the loss of full control of bodily movements.( Ataksija)
Enlargement
the action or state of enlarging or being enlarged(Plėtra)
DNA supercoil
DNR superspiralizacija
DNA supercoiling describes a higher-order DNA structure, referring to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand.
Relaxed circle
Atsipalaidavęs DNR žiedas
Circular DNA that is not supercoiled and instead has an unwound loop.
Negative (left-handed) supercoil
Neigiama superspiralizacija
Negative supercoils favor local unwinding of the DNA, which increases number of pairs per turn.
Positive (right-handed) supercoil
Teigiama superspiralizacija
Positive supercoils favor local overwinding of the DNA, which decreases number of pairs per turn.
Localized denaturation
Lokalizuota denaturacija
Process, when complementary DNA strands come apart in a short section.
Topoisomerase
Topoizomerazė
Enzymes that participate in the overwinding or underwinding of DNA.
Architectural proteins
Architektūriniai baltymai
Proteins that mediate interactions between distant sequences in the genome.
Nucleosome
Nukleosoma
A nucleosome is a section of DNA that is wrapped around a core of proteins. Inside the nucleus.***
A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes. The structure of a nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wound around eight histone proteins and resembles thread wrapped around a spool. The nucleosome is the fundamental subunit of chromatin.
DNA binding proteins
Su DNR susikibę baltymai
Proteins that have DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for single- or double-stranded DNA.
Bacteriophage
Bakteriofagas
A type of virus that infects bacteria
primary structures
the first main structures. (pirminės struktūros)
properties of DNA
characters of DNA. (DNR savybės)
DNA sequences
a nucleotide line in a DNA molecule
DNR seka
cellular processes
processes that take place in the cell (ląstelių procesai)
versatile
suitable for everything. (universalus)
replication
a process in which two DNA molecules are formed from one (replikacija)
ribosome
organelle in which protein synthesis happens (ribosoma)
single-stranded DNA
DNA with only one side of the chain (vienos grandinės DNR)
catalytic function
function performed by enzymes (katalizinė funkcija)
enzyme
the molecule is made up of a protein that speeds up chemical reactions
( fermentas)
Gnotobiology (gnotobiologija)
- the science of study of animals or other organisms raised in environments free of germs or those which contain only specifically known germs.
Gastrointestinal tract (virškinamasis traktas)
pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled.
Microflora (mikroflora)
the community of microorganisms, including algae, fungi, and bacteria that live in or on another living organism or in a particular habitat.
Pathogenic (patogeniškas)
capable of causing disease.
Nutrient (maistinės medžiagos)
a substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth.
Predominant (vyraujantis)
present as the strongest or main element.
Microbe (mikrobas)
an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells.
Synthesize (sintetinti)
to produce a substance by means of chemical or biological reactions.
Dysbiosis (disbiozė)
quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of normal microflora (bacteria and other groups of microbes).
Probiotics (probiotikai)
a microorganism introduced into the body for its beneficial qualities.
Antibiotic (antibiotikai)
a medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
Heartburn (rėmuo)
a form of indigestion felt as a burning sensation in the chest, caused by acid regurgitation into the oesophagus.
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) (atopinis dermatitas)
a condition that makes your skin red and itchy.
Yeast (mielės)
any unicellular fungus which is the driving force behind fermentation,
Mutualism (mutualizmas)
an association between two organisms of different species in which each member benefits.
Immune system (imuninė sistema)
is a network of biological processes that protects an organism from diseases.
Antimicrobial (antimikrobinis)
an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth.
Spoilage (gedimas)
the act or process of spoiling, especially the process of decay in foodstuffs.
Respiratory tract (kvėpavimo takai)
the organs that are involved in breathing. These include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Sterile (sterilus)
free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; totally clean.
Anaerobic (anaerobinis)
living in the absence of air or free oxygen.
