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GCSE HISTORY > Anglo Saxons and Norman England > Flashcards

Anglo Saxons and Norman England Flashcards

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1
Q

What were earls and what did they control?

A

Most important nobles and advised the king
Controlled large ares of England called earldoms

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2
Q

Who were the Witan?

A

King’s advisors (a meeting of wise men)

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3
Q

What were Thegns?

A

local lords who owned land and fought for the kind in war (trained fighters)

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4
Q

By 1060, how many Thegns were there?

A

between 4000 and 5000

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5
Q

What was a shire?

A

a county area in England

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6
Q

What was a hundred?

A

A subdivision of a shire, having its own court

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7
Q

What were ceorls?

A

Free men (peasants) who owned their land and who could choose which lord they worked for

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8
Q

What were peasant farmers?

A

those who rented land from the local lord 3 days each week in order to keep their land

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9
Q

What percentage of the population were slaves?

A

10%

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10
Q

What was the Wergild?

A

The cash value of someone’s life - used to compensate victims of crime - higher rank = higher compensation

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11
Q

What was a hue and cry?

A

Calling on fellow villagers to chase a criminal (if people failed to help they could be fined)

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12
Q

What was a trial by ordeal?

A

A method of determining a person’s guilt/innocence by subjecting person to painful tests controlled by God - e.g picking up a red hot iron/being held underwater.
If the person survived/wound healed 3 days after, the person was innocent in the eyes of God

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13
Q

How much land did the church own in the Anglo Saxon era?

A

25% of England

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14
Q

What was the Royal mint?

A

Where the money was made - coins were made from German silver

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15
Q

How many bishops were there?

A

15

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16
Q

Who were the 2 archbishops?

A

Canterbury and York

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17
Q

When did Harold Godwinson become Earl of Wessex?

A

1053

18
Q

When did Tostig become Earl of Northumbria?

A

1055

19
Q

How many earldoms did the Godwinsons control?

A

4 out of 5 earldoms

20
Q

How did the Godwinsons become so powerful?

A

Edith Godwinson married King Edward
Wealthier than the king
Weak king so easily influenced by the Godwinsons
Harold married Edith of Mercia - sister of Edwin and Morcar (political marriage hoping to gain support from Morcar - Earl of Northumbria at the time)

21
Q

When was Harold Godwinson coronated?

A

6th January 1066

22
Q

When did Edwin and Morcar attack Tostig because of his tyrannical rule?

A

October 1065

23
Q

When did Harold go on an embassy to Normandy?

A

1064

24
Q

When did Edward the Confessor die?

A

5th January 1066

25
Q

When was the battle of Gate Fulford?

A

20th September 1066

26
Q

When was the battle of Stamford bridge?

A

25th September 1066

27
Q

When was the Battle of Hastings?

A

14th October 1066

28
Q

What were the 3 reasons for William’s victory?

A

William’s tactics
William’s leadership
Harold’s lack of tactics/leadership

29
Q

When was William crowned?

A

25th December 1066

30
Q

What were the 3 reasons for building castles?

A

Control
Symbol of power
Protection

31
Q

When was the revolt of Edwin and Morcar?

A

1068

32
Q

When did the rebellions in the North with Edgar Aetheling occur?

A

1069

33
Q

When was the rebellion at Ely with Hereward the Wake?

A

1070 - 71

34
Q

When was the Harrying of the North?

A

1069 - 70

35
Q

When did the changes to land ownership occur?

A

1066 - 1087

36
Q

When did the revolts of the earls occur?

A

1075

37
Q

After 1072, where did William spend most of his time?

A

Normandy

38
Q

What were the 3 main reasons/factors of the Domesday Book?

A

Financial
Military
Legal

39
Q

When did Bishop Odo become earl of Kent?

A

1067 and was given 22 counties

40
Q

When was Odo imprisoned for taking church land, misruling and planning his claim for papacy

A

1082

41
Q

When the revolt with Robert Curthose occur?

A

1077-80

GCSE HISTORY (2 decks)

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