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Adv. English 12 > Anglo-Saxons > Flashcards

Anglo-Saxons Flashcards

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1
Q

What was British literature characterized by?

A

foreign invasions and social turbulence

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2
Q

What tribes left northern Europe and invaded the island of Britain?

A

Germanic tribes

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3
Q

What language was spoken by Germanic tribes?

A

English

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4
Q

Did you have to have a lot of possessions to be considered wealthy as a butcher!

A

No

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5
Q

What type of work did peasants do year round?

A

yard work

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6
Q

To avoid revenge from a slain man’s family, what could you pay?

A

wergild

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7
Q

How can you tell that a nobleman is more important than a peasant?

A

Noblemen are worth more shillings than peasants

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8
Q

What was commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1085? It contained census-type records of over 13,000 English estates for tax purposes.

A

The Domesday Book

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9
Q

What ran it’s course and decimated about 25 million people in Europe?

A

the Black Death

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10
Q

According to the Domesday Book, who owned 54% of the land in England?

A

Barons, Lords, and Church tenants

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11
Q

Who is A.D. 43 conquered the Celtic tribes of southern Britain?

A

the Romans

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12
Q

In the early 5th century, when the Roman Empire began to fall, how did it leave the Britons?

A

easy prey to invaders

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13
Q

What 3 Germanic tribes began invading Britain’s shores?

A

Angles, Saxons. and Jutes

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14
Q

What were the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes collectively known as?

A

Anglo-Saxons

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15
Q

What type of beginning did England have? dd

A

bloody beginning

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16
Q

What did the invaders who took over the southeastern part of the island call it?

A

Angle-land

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17
Q

What did Angle-land form?

A

tribal kingdoms

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18
Q

How did Angle-land support themselves?

A

by farming and hunting

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19
Q

What did Angle-land believe in?

A

multiple gods

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20
Q

During the 8th and 9th century, who took the seas in an attempt to take Britain by force?

A

Danes and Norsemen

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21
Q

Who in 878 led his warriors to victory by capturing the city of London, and much of England?

A

Alfred, the Saxon king of Wessex

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22
Q

For Alfred’s achievements, what was he known as?

A

Alfred the Great

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23
Q

When Alfred’s son and grandson won back all of England, how was the country?

A

at peace

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24
Q

How did the Anglo-Saxon era end?

A

William, duke of Normandy laid claim to the English throne

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25
Q

What battle did William, duke of Normandy defeat the Anglo-Saxons?

A

Battle of Hastings

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26
Q

What did the Anglo-Saxons become of the Norman French aristocracy?

A

the subjects

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27
Q

What did William the Conqueror introduce to England?

A

feudalism

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28
Q

What is feudalism?

A

a continental social, economic, and political system

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29
Q

Under feudalism, who was the land divided among?

A

noble overlords

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30
Q

Who pledged their wealth and services to noble overlords?

A

knights

31
Q

Who was at the lower end of the social scale?

A

serfs

32
Q

What did feudal relationships erupt into?

A

heated conflicts

33
Q

Who in 1215 was forced by his angry barons to sign the Magna Carta?

A

King John

34
Q

What was the Magna Carta?

A

An agreement to not raises taxes without the consent of the barons

35
Q

What did people think the Magna Carta was the beginning of?

A

a constitutional government

36
Q

What did the constitutional government include?

A

the right to trial by jury

37
Q

What century was a dark time in British history?

A

14th century

38
Q

What year did the Hundred Years’ War start?

A

1337

39
Q

Who was the Hundred Years’ War between?

A

English and French

40
Q

What was the purpose of the Hundred Years’ War?

A

control of lands in France

41
Q

After the break with France, what did England develop?

A

national identity independent of French influence

42
Q

What epidemic happened during the Hundred Years’ War?

A

the Black Death

43
Q

What heroic type did the Anglo-Saxons recognize?

A

the warrior

44
Q

What important virtue was believe to achieve fame and immortality?

A

courage

45
Q

What virtue is really important to tribal lords?

A

loyalty and wisdom

46
Q

What virtue was crucial to overcoming one’s enemies?

A

physical strength

47
Q

For the early Anglo-Saxons, what was their way of life?

A

warfare

48
Q

What reflected the reality of the Anglo-Saxons?

A

organization, values, beliefs, and poetry

49
Q

What did tribes consist of?

A

warrior families

50
Q

What were tribes led by?

A

noblemen

51
Q

What did noblemen who led tribes also called?

A

chief or overlord

52
Q

What primarily was an Anglo-Saxon ruler?

A

a warlord

53
Q

What did the Anglo-Saxon leader do?

A

protected his people from attacks and led his followers on expeditions

54
Q

What was a close-knit group formed of a warlord and his followers called?

A

comitatus

55
Q

What did warlords reward their bravest followers with?

A

treasure

56
Q

To get treasure, what did warriors do for it?

A

show absolute loyalty to their leader

57
Q

What did the Anglo-Saxons bring to Britain?

A

Germanic language, religion, culture, and oral literary traditions

58
Q

What did the storytellers describe about warriors in their songs?

A

their great deeds and celebrating qualities

59
Q

What is an example of celebrating qualities?

A

strength, courage, and loyalty

60
Q

If you had the celebrating qualities, what did they believe would happen?

A

that they could save people from the evils that threatened them

61
Q

What were minstrels (musicians) also known as?

A

scops

62
Q

Where did scops preform songs?

A

In the mead hall

63
Q

What type of academic society was the Anglo-Saxons?

A

illiterate society

64
Q

For warriors, what was the song to them?

A

it provided models to emulate and a goal to pursue

65
Q

What was the goal of a warrior?

A

to win fame and be remembered after death for one’s deeds

66
Q

What were the two most important influences on the Anglo-Saxon literature?

A

Germanic tradition and the christian religion

67
Q

What literary tradition was deeply rooted into the Anglo-Saxons?

A

dark, heroic tales of Germanic mythology

68
Q

What did the Anglo-Saxons believe about the afterlife?

A

that there was no afterlife

69
Q

What coexisted with Germanic mythology?

A

Christianity

70
Q

How was life in the early Anglo-Saxon times?

A

strife-ridden and brief

71
Q

What is another word for fate?

A

wyrd

72
Q

What is wyrd?

A

controlled destiny and that one’s ultimate and inescapable fate was death

73
Q

How does a hero’s face the destiny of death?

A

with courage

Adv. English 12 (16 decks)

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