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British Lit > Anglo Saxon Notes > Flashcards

Anglo Saxon Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What invasions took place in Anglo Saxon period that led to the beginning of the English language?

A

Invasions of Angles, Saxons and Jutes

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2
Q

What conquest happened during the Anglo Saxon period?

A

Norman Conquest

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3
Q

British literature is the English language literature of the inhabitants of ___________

A

The British Isles and British empire

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4
Q

When was Beowulf created?

A

800 AD

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5
Q

Who were the first invaders in Prehistory?

A

Iberians

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6
Q

Where did Iberians come from?

A

From what is now Spain and Portugal

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7
Q

When the Iberians settle the British isles?

A

In Stone Age

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8
Q

What were the other invaders of British isles?

A

No way to know

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9
Q

When was Stonehenge built and by who and why?

A

Built in 2000 BC, no one knows by who and why it was built

Theories: for religious, human sacrifices, calendar etc

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10
Q

Who burned down library of Alexandria?

A

Islamic people

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11
Q

Celts come In waves from _____ BC

A

800-600 BC

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12
Q

What were the two groups of celts from souther Europe that invaded British Isles

A

1) Brythons/Britons

2) Gaelic-settled Ireland

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13
Q

What did celts speak and what was their influence on English?

A

They spoke Celtic languages unrelated to English. Had little or no influence on English

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14
Q

Gaelic? celts were _______/farmers

A

Hunger

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15
Q

Celts organized Into clans loyal to an individual _________

A

Chieftains

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16
Q

Who were the most important people in Celtic society?

A

Druids

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17
Q

What were the tree types of Druids?

A

1) Priest (Pre-Christian religion, included sacrifices)
2) Judges
3) Story Tellers

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18
Q

What did the type of Druid judges do?

A

Settled inter-clan disputes

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19
Q

What did Druid story tellers do?

A

Created, memorized and recited epic heroic myth poems

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20
Q

Name two characters in an epic heroic myth poem

A 
Old King Cole (nursery rhyme)
King Lear (Shakespeare)
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21
Q

When did the Romans conquer?

A

55-54 BC

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22
Q

How many times does Julius Caesar invade and what does he say in his memoirs?

A

Twice

Doesn’t truly conquer but says he does in memoirs

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23
Q

The Romans really conquered Britain 100 years later under which emperor?

A

Claudius

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24
Q

What did the emperor Claudius establish when he conquered British isles?

A

Established camps the towns
Roman culture arrives
PAVED ROADS link the island

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25
Q

When did the last Roman regions leave the British isles and why?

A

407 AD because to help defend Rome against Huns

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26
Q

When did the Angles, Saxons and Jutes invade?

A

In 449 AD

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27
Q

What were the Angles, Saxons and Jutes?

A

Warriors, fishermen from Denmark (where Beowulf took place) and Germany(where saxony was)

28
Q

Angles Saxons and Jutes take over all but what?

A

Western Britain

29
Q

How did Scotland and Wales form?

A

The Angles Saxons and Jutes didn’t conquer Western Britain so that formed Wales and Scotland

30
Q

What do the areas of the Angles Saxons and Jutes become?

A

Become “Angles’ land”, shortened for “England”

31
Q

Germanic languages spoken by these invaders develop into what?

A

“Angle-ish”—-> “English”

32
Q

From when to when was the Anglo Saxon Period, AKA the beginning of English language?

A

449-1066 AD

33
Q

Tribal units gradually _______

A

Merge

34
Q

The king is chosen by who?

A

Witan- council of elders

35
Q

Who were the 4 social classes?

A

1) earls
2) freemen
3) churls
4) thralls

36
Q

Who were the earls?

A

Hereditary ruling warlords loyal to king earl (who invented sandwich)

37
Q

Who were the freemen?

A

Landowners and traders

No wealth back then, money=land

38
Q

Who were the subdivision of freemen?

A

Thanes

39
Q

Who were the thanes?

A

Early barons- status via military service

40
Q

Who were the churls?

A

Bonded servants who worked the land

41
Q

Who were the thralls?

A

Slaves

42
Q

What was the religion?

A

Pagan-fate(wyrd)- no real free will

43
Q

Who were the Germanic gods?

A

Tiu
Woden
Fria

44
Q

Who was Tiu?

A

God of the sky/war- Tuesday

45
Q

Who was Woden?

A

King of gods- Wednesday

46
Q

Who was Fria?

A

Queen of gods- Friday

47
Q

Where did original Britons retreat?

A

Retreated to Wales, Scotland, Ireland, continued to speak Celtic languages

48
Q

Who introduced Christianity? Who kept it alive? Where?

A

Romans introduced it

Celts kept it alive in Wales, Ireland(st Patrick) and Scotland and finally England

49
Q

Who was Columba?

A

Soldier/abbot

50
Q

What did Columba found? And when?

A

First Christian monetary in England in 563 AD

51
Q

The monetary in England was major unifying and civilizing factor in _________

A

England

52
Q

By 650 AD most of England is __________

A

Christian

53
Q

What does Christianity reintroduce?

A

Reintroduces written word (Romans)

54
Q

What did monks work as?

A

Scribes

55
Q

What are scribes?

A

Copiers of manuscript

56
Q

What are illuminated manuscripts?

A

Manuscripts painted and bordered in gold and silver

57
Q

Who was the Venerable Bede?

A

First English historian

58
Q

What book did the Venerable Bede write?

A

A History of the English Church and People

Written in Latin

59
Q

Who were Scops?

A

Singer (like Homer) who accompanied themselves on Harp

Recitations sometimes went on for days

60
Q

Who were the assistant of Scops?

A

Gleemen

Have to be this before becoming a Scop

61
Q

What are Epics?

A

Long heroic Poems

62
Q

What are the three characteristics of Epics?

A

1) rigid pattern of accents- 4 accents per line
2) caesura- pause in middle of poetic line
3) alliteration- repetition of initial letter sound

63
Q

What are the two types of Anglo-Saxon verse?

A

1) heroic poetry

2) elegiac poetry

64
Q

What is a heroic poetry?

A

Achievements of warriors

65
Q

What’s an elegiac poetry?

A

Lament over death or significant loss

British Lit (2 decks)

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