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History > Anglo-Saxon & Norman England > Flashcards

Anglo-Saxon & Norman England Flashcards

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1
Q

What statuses were included in the Anglo-Saxon society system? (6)

A

*King
* Earls
*Thegns
*Ceorls
*Peasants
*Slaves

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2
Q

What were the roles of the King?

A

*Defend country
*Pass laws
*Control church

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3
Q

What were the roles of the Thegns?

A

*Primarily warriors who defended the King in return for land

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4
Q

What were the roles of the Coerls?

A

*Owned their own small area of farmland. Freer than the Peasants and Slaves
*All male ceorls had to serve in an army if needed

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5
Q

What were the roles of the Peasants?

A

*Had to work on the lands of their lords and do any jobs requested
*Every male peasant could be asked by their lord to fight in wartime

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6
Q

What were the roles of the Slaves?

A

*They worked on their Lord’s land or in his house as servants
*Their master dictated every aspect of their life

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7
Q

Who were the 4 claimants to the throne?

A

*Harold Godwinson
*William Duke of Normandy
*Harald Hardrada
*Edgar the Atheling

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8
Q

Why did they deserve the Throne?

A

Harold - promised throne on Edward’s death bed
William - promised throne by both Harold and Edward
Harald - related to previous Viking King Cnut
Edgar - closest blood relative

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9
Q

Blood connection to Edward the Confessor?

A

Harold - no, brother inlaw
William - yes, cousin
Harald- no
Edgar - yea, great nephew

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10
Q

When was the Battle of Gate Fulford?

A

20th September 1066

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11
Q

When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

25th September 1066

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12
Q

Who was involved in The Battle of Gate Fulford?

A

*William
*Harald
*Tostig
*Edwin
*Morcar

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13
Q

Who lost this battle?

A

The English

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14
Q

Reasons for this outcome?

A

*The vikings had a bigger army
*They used tactics such as an ‘Old Roman Move’ (surrounding them)
*Used the marshland to their advantage

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15
Q

How big was Harald’s army?

A

It consisted of 6000 to 7500 men

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16
Q

How big were Edwin and Morcar’s army?

A

It consisted of between 4500 and 6000 men

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17
Q

What were the consequences of this battle?

A

The armies of Northumbria and Mercia were destroyed

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18
Q

Who was involved in The Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

Harald vs Harold

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19
Q

Who won this battle?

A

The english

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20
Q

What were the reasons for this outcome?

A

*Vikings left their reserves and armour on their ships
*English had a much larger army than the Vikings
*Harold moves across the country quickly

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21
Q

How quickly did Harold move across the country?

A

Harold marches from London to York in 5 days (300km)

22
Q

What were the consequences of this battle?

A

King of Norway dead … and Tostig

23
Q

When was the Battle of Hastings?

A

28th September 1066

24
Q

What tactic did the English have in this battle?

A

The shield wall and the height advantage

25
Q

How did the Normans take the advantage?

A

Feigned retreat

26
Q

What happened to Harold Godwinson?

A

He was killed by an arrow in his eye

27
Q

Why did Harold lose?

A

Weakness of the English army:
*no cavalry
*unexperienced soldiers
*weakened soldiers

28
Q

Why did Harold lose? (2)

A

Wiliam’s leadship:
*The english had a lack of tactic compared to the Normans
*Harold had leadership problems

29
Q

Why did Harold lose? (3)

A

Norman tactics:
*Skilled archers and cavalry
*Norman preparation
*Feigned retreat tactic

30
Q

When was the rebellion of Edwin and Morcar?

A

1068

31
Q

What were the causes of the rebellion?

A

*Edwin and Morcar unhappy with the new leader - Earldoms reduced in size
*Edwin promised marriages to William’s daughter (did not happen)
*Increased taxes and castles built

32
Q

What were the events of the rebellion?

A

*Edwin and Morcar ran away to London to try raise a rebellion
*Persuaded Edgar to get involved (no help at all)
*Easy w for William

33
Q

What were the consequences of the rebellion?

A

*They became prisoners again
*Morcar stripped of his earldom

34
Q

When was the Edgar Atheling/Norman rebellion?

A

1069

35
Q

What were the causes of the rebellion?

A

*Edgar got support from foreign kings
*Cumin dead (Morcar’s replacement)
*Lots of Normans murdered

36
Q

What were the events of the rebellion?

A

*Rebellion led by Edgar in the North
*Lots of Normans and English die
*Vikings were meant to show up but missed the due date
*William scares everyone away

37
Q

What were the consequences of the rebellion?

A

*Leads to the Harrying of the North

38
Q

Why did these rebellions fail?

A

William’s movement in the North and his presence alone was enough to end both rebellions

39
Q

What were William’s motives for the Harrying of the North?

A

*Revenge
*Teach them a lesson
*Tricky Northerners
*Tired Normans

40
Q

What happened?

A

*Many people killed
*Houses destroyed
*Salted the earth = no crops
*North becomes inhabitable

41
Q

When was the rebellion of Hereward the wake?

A

1070/71

42
Q

What were the causes of the rebellion?

A

*Hereward returns to England to find his family killed and his land taken by Norman’s

43
Q

What were the events of the rebellion?

A

*Danes and Herewards rebels raided Peterborough abbey (recently taken by the Norman’s
*Held the island of Ely
*Morcar joins
*William bribes Dane’s and they leave
*William defeats hereward

44
Q

What were the consequences of the rebellion?

A

*Hereward escaped, Morcar imprisoned and rebels had eithergggg gc hand dor feet amputated
*Last Anglo Saxon rebellion

45
Q

What are the similarities to previous rebellions ?

A

*King serum and Danes invoked
*Morcar involved
*Willaim defeats them and shows his power

46
Q

What were the differences to previous rebellions?

A

*edgar not invoked
*willaim strugllglfes gto defeat this one
*Herewears is a sole leader

47
Q

Why did this rebellion fail?

A

Hereward couldn’t rank up enough support - lack of numbers compared to Williams army

48
Q

What is normanisation ?

A

The process of changing England from Anglo Saxon to Norman by Willis m

49
Q

What statuses were there in Norman society

A

*King
*Tenantns in Cheri
*under tenants
*peasants

50
Q

How was this different to the Anglo Dacian fedudal ststem?

A

You could never improve in the ranks - only go dow

History (1 decks)

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