Anglo-Saxon & Norman England

Question 1

What statuses were included in the Anglo-Saxon society system? (6)

Answer 1

*King
* Earls
*Thegns
*Ceorls
*Peasants
*Slaves

Question 2

What were the roles of the King?

Answer 2

*Defend country
*Pass laws
*Control church

Question 3

What were the roles of the Thegns?

Answer 3

*Primarily warriors who defended the King in return for land

Question 4

What were the roles of the Coerls?

Answer 4

*Owned their own small area of farmland. Freer than the Peasants and Slaves
*All male ceorls had to serve in an army if needed

Question 5

What were the roles of the Peasants?

Answer 5

*Had to work on the lands of their lords and do any jobs requested
*Every male peasant could be asked by their lord to fight in wartime

Question 6

What were the roles of the Slaves?

Answer 6

*They worked on their Lord’s land or in his house as servants
*Their master dictated every aspect of their life

Question 7

Who were the 4 claimants to the throne?

Answer 7

*Harold Godwinson
*William Duke of Normandy
*Harald Hardrada
*Edgar the Atheling

Question 8

Why did they deserve the Throne?

Answer 8

Harold - promised throne on Edward’s death bed
William - promised throne by both Harold and Edward
Harald - related to previous Viking King Cnut
Edgar - closest blood relative

Question 9

Blood connection to Edward the Confessor?

Answer 9

Harold - no, brother inlaw
William - yes, cousin
Harald- no
Edgar - yea, great nephew

Question 10

When was the Battle of Gate Fulford?

Answer 10

20th September 1066

Question 11

When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 11

25th September 1066

Question 12

Who was involved in The Battle of Gate Fulford?

Answer 12

*William
*Harald
*Tostig
*Edwin
*Morcar

Question 13

Who lost this battle?

Answer 13

The English

Question 14

Reasons for this outcome?

Answer 14

*The vikings had a bigger army
*They used tactics such as an ‘Old Roman Move’ (surrounding them)
*Used the marshland to their advantage

Question 15

How big was Harald’s army?

Answer 15

It consisted of 6000 to 7500 men

Question 16

How big were Edwin and Morcar’s army?

Answer 16

It consisted of between 4500 and 6000 men

Question 17

What were the consequences of this battle?

Answer 17

The armies of Northumbria and Mercia were destroyed

Question 18

Who was involved in The Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 18

Harald vs Harold

Question 19

Who won this battle?

Answer 19

The english

Question 20

What were the reasons for this outcome?

Answer 20

*Vikings left their reserves and armour on their ships
*English had a much larger army than the Vikings
*Harold moves across the country quickly

Question 21

How quickly did Harold move across the country?

Answer 21

Harold marches from London to York in 5 days (300km)

Question 22

What were the consequences of this battle?

Answer 22

King of Norway dead … and Tostig

Question 23

When was the Battle of Hastings?

Answer 23

28th September 1066

Question 24

What tactic did the English have in this battle?

Answer 24

The shield wall and the height advantage

Question 25

How did the Normans take the advantage?

Answer 25

Feigned retreat

Question 26

What happened to Harold Godwinson?

Answer 26

He was killed by an arrow in his eye

Question 27

Why did Harold lose?

Answer 27

Weakness of the English army: *no cavalry *unexperienced soldiers *weakened soldiers

Question 28

Why did Harold lose? (2)

Answer 28

Wiliam’s leadship: *The english had a lack of tactic compared to the Normans *Harold had leadership problems

Question 29

Why did Harold lose? (3)

Answer 29

Norman tactics: *Skilled archers and cavalry *Norman preparation *Feigned retreat tactic

Question 30

When was the rebellion of Edwin and Morcar?

Answer 30

1068

Question 31

What were the causes of the rebellion?

Answer 31

*Edwin and Morcar unhappy with the new leader - Earldoms reduced in size *Edwin promised marriages to William’s daughter (did not happen) *Increased taxes and castles built

Question 32

What were the events of the rebellion?

Answer 32

*Edwin and Morcar ran away to London to try raise a rebellion *Persuaded Edgar to get involved (no help at all) *Easy w for William

Question 33

What were the consequences of the rebellion?

Answer 33

*They became prisoners again *Morcar stripped of his earldom

Question 34

When was the Edgar Atheling/Norman rebellion?

Answer 34

1069

Question 35

What were the causes of the rebellion?

Answer 35

*Edgar got support from foreign kings *Cumin dead (Morcar’s replacement) *Lots of Normans murdered

Question 36

What were the events of the rebellion?

Answer 36

*Rebellion led by Edgar in the North *Lots of Normans and English die *Vikings were meant to show up but missed the due date *William scares everyone away

Question 37

What were the consequences of the rebellion?

Answer 37

*Leads to the Harrying of the North

Question 38

Why did these rebellions fail?

Answer 38

William’s movement in the North and his presence alone was enough to end both rebellions

Question 39

What were William’s motives for the Harrying of the North?

Answer 39

*Revenge *Teach them a lesson *Tricky Northerners *Tired Normans

Question 40

What happened?

Answer 40

*Many people killed *Houses destroyed *Salted the earth = no crops *North becomes inhabitable

Question 41

When was the rebellion of Hereward the wake?

Answer 41

1070/71

Question 42

What were the causes of the rebellion?

Answer 42

*Hereward returns to England to find his family killed and his land taken by Norman’s

Question 43

What were the events of the rebellion?

Answer 43

*Danes and Herewards rebels raided Peterborough abbey (recently taken by the Norman’s *Held the island of Ely *Morcar joins *William bribes Dane’s and they leave *William defeats hereward

Question 44

What were the consequences of the rebellion?

Answer 44

*Hereward escaped, Morcar imprisoned and rebels had eithergggg gc hand dor feet amputated *Last Anglo Saxon rebellion

Question 45

What are the similarities to previous rebellions ?

Answer 45

*King serum and Danes invoked *Morcar involved *Willaim defeats them and shows his power

Question 46

What were the differences to previous rebellions?

Answer 46

*edgar not invoked *willaim strugllglfes gto defeat this one *Herewears is a sole leader

Question 47

Why did this rebellion fail?

Answer 47

Hereward couldn’t rank up enough support - lack of numbers compared to Williams army

Question 48

What is normanisation ?

Answer 48

The process of changing England from Anglo Saxon to Norman by Willis m

Question 49

What statuses were there in Norman society

Answer 49

*King *Tenantns in Cheri *under tenants *peasants

Question 50

How was this different to the Anglo Dacian fedudal ststem?

Answer 50

You could never improve in the ranks - only go dow