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Biology > Angiosperms > Flashcards

Angiosperms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Angiosperms

A

Are seed plants with reproductive structures called flowers and fruits

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2
Q

They are the most ________ of all plants

A

Widespread

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3
Q

All angiosperms are classified in a single phylum, _______

A

Anthophyta

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4
Q

Angiosperms have two key adaptations

A

Flowers and fruit

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5
Q

The ________ is an angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction

A

Flower

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6
Q

Many species are pollinated by ______ or _____, while some species are _______ pollinated

A

Insect or animals, wind

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7
Q

A flower is a specialized shoot with up to four organs

A

Sepals, which enclose the flower
Petals, which are brightly colored and attract pollinators
Stamens, which produce pollen (Anther & Fillamen are the boy parts)
Carpels, which produce ovules (Stigma, Style, Ovary, and Ovule the girl parts)

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8
Q

Flowers that have all four organs are called ______

A

Complete flowers

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9
Q

While those lacking one or more organs are called _______

A

Incomplete flowers

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10
Q

Flowers may have __________ or _________

A

Radial or bilateral symmetry

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11
Q

For flowers with _______, an imaginary line through the central axis divides the flower into two equal parts

A

Radial symmetry

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12
Q

In ___________, a flower can only be divided into two equal parts by a single imaginary line

A

Bilateral symmetry

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13
Q

Most species have flowers with both functional_______ and _______

A

Stamens and carpels

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14
Q

Some species have both reproductive parts but one may not be __________

A

Functional

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15
Q

Some species reproductive parts occurs on ________

A

Separate flowers

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16
Q

A ________ is formed when the ovary wall thickens and matures

A

Fruit

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17
Q

Fruits protect seeds and aid in their ______

A

Dispersal

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18
Q

Mature fruits can be either _____ or _____

A

Fleshy or dry

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19
Q

3 ways of seed dispersal

A

Wind ( explosion) (wings)
Dispersed in animal feces
Hitchhikes on animals

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20
Q

Parts of the flower (male)

A

Anther and filament

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21
Q

Flower parts (Female)

A

Stigma, style, ovary, ovule

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22
Q

Non reproductive parts of the flower

A

Petal, receptacle, speak

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23
Q

The stamen contains ________

A

Pollen grains

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24
Q

The carpel contains the _______

A

Ovules

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25
Q

Ovule contains the ________

A

Embryo sac

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26
Q

Most flowers have a mechanism to ensure __________ between flowers from different plants of the same species

A

Cross-pollination

27
Q

A pollen grain that has landed on a stigma _________ and the ______ grows down to the ovary

A

Germinates and pollen tube

28
Q

The sperm enters the ovule through the _________

A

Micropyle

29
Q

________________ occurs when the pollen tube discharges two sperm nuclei into the female gametophyte called _________

A

Double fertilization ,triploid endosperm

30
Q

One sperm nuclei fertilizes the egg, while the other combines with two polar Nuclei to form a food storing ___________

A

Endosperm

31
Q

The ____________ nourishes the developing embryo (food for the baby)

A

Triploid endosperm

32
Q

With tin the seed, the embryo consist of a _______ and one or two seed leaves called _________

A

Root , cotyledons

33
Q

Radicle

A

Root

34
Q

Hyptycol

A

Stem

35
Q

Epicotyl

A

Stem

36
Q

Angiosperms have more than ________ living species

A

250000

37
Q

Previously angiosperms were divided into two main groups

A

Monocots (one cotyledon)

Dicots (two dicots)

38
Q

DNA studies suggest that dicots are ________

A

Polyphyletic

39
Q

Classification based on the # ________ was used until late 1990’s

A

Cotyledons

40
Q

Current classification uses ___ groups

A

Four

41
Q

The clade eudicot (true dicots) includes most ______

A

Dicots

42
Q

__________________ are the oldest lineages

A

Basal angiosperms

43
Q

Three types of basal angiosperms

A

Amborella trichopida , nymphaea (water lily) , (illicium) star anise

44
Q

Amborella trichophida is the only _________________

A

Surviving species

45
Q

______________ share some traits with basal angiosperms but evolved much later

A

Magnoliids

46
Q

Magnolias include

A

Magnolias, laurels, and black Pepper plants

47
Q

Magnoliids are more closely related to _________ and ___________ than basal angiosperms

A

Monocots and eudicots

48
Q

More than one quarter of angiosperm species are ____________

A

Monocots

49
Q

Monocots include

A

Orchids, grasses, palms

50
Q

More than two-thirds of the angiosperm species are __________

A

Eudicots

51
Q

Eudicots include the large ______ family and the economically important ______

A

Legume, rose

52
Q

Our reliance on seed plants makes preservation of plant diversity ________

A

Critical

53
Q

Most of our food comes from _______

A

Angiosperms

54
Q

Six crops ___________ yield 80% of the calories consumed by humans

A

Wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, cassava, and sweet potatoes

55
Q

____________ crops are products of relatively recent genetic change resulting from_________

A

Artificial selection

56
Q

Many seed plants provide ______

A

Wood

57
Q

Secondary compounds of seed plants are used in ___________

A

Medicines

58
Q

Loss of plant __________ is often accompanied by loss of the animal species that plant supports

A

Habitat

59
Q

At the current rate of habitat loss ____ of earths species will become extinct within the next _______years

A

50% , 100-200

60
Q

The tropical rain forest may contain undiscovered ____________

A

Medicinal compounds

61
Q

Three examples of eudicots

A 
Snow pea ( pisum sativum) a legume
Dog rose (rosa canina) a wild rose 
Pyrenean oak ( Quercia pyrenaica)
62
Q

Three examples of monocots

A

Orchid (lemboglossumrossil)
Pygmy date palm ( Phoenix roebelenil)
Barley (hordeum vulgave) a grass

63
Q

Three examples of magnoliids

A

Southern magnolia (magnolia grandiflora)
Laurels
Black pepper

64
Q

Three examples of basal angiosperms

A 
Water lily ( nymphaea "Rene Gerard") 
Star anise (illicium) 
Amborella (trichopida)

Biology (1 decks)

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