Angina Flashcards
what is another name for angina?
stable coronary artery disease
define stable coronary artery disease
a chronic / recurrent and acute ischaemic heart disease
(IHD) syndrome
what is a symptom of angina( pectoris)?
strangling and choking pain in the chest
what characterises stable coronary artery disease?
reversible or transient episodes of mismatch between MOD and MOS
related to myocardial ischaemia without cell necrosis
what is classic angina?
atherosclerotic plaque-related partial obstruction of
epicardial (coronary) arteries
what is variant angina?
focal or diffuse spasm of normal or mildly-diseased
epicardial (coronary) arteries
what is microvascular angina?
a primary dysfunction of small diameter ( 500 µm)
coronary arteries
what are the two major subtypes of angina?
Angina with obstructive CAD ( stable/classic angina)
Angina without obstructive CAD (INOCA) (Variant or Prinzmetal’s Angina (Angiospastic) or microvascular)
three features of angina with obstructive CAD
chest pain on exertion
fixed obstructive CAD (atherosclerotic plaque)
ST-segment depression
4 features of variant angina?
pain at rest or at night
focal or diffuse spontaneous coronary artery spasm
ST-segment elevation
arrhythmias
4 features of microvascular angina?
chest pain at rest or exertion
no angiographic evidence of obstructive CAD
coronary microvascular dysfunction
positive stress test – ST-segment depression during
exercise
what is usually the duration of angina?
brief, less than 10 minutes
what can trigger angina?
physical exertion, emotional stress,
heavy meals, exposure to cold
where do you feel pain in angina?
throat, lower jaw, upper arms, back,
epigastrium
what are the 3 signs and symptoms ( clinical features) of angina?
haemodynamic-breathlessness, dizziness, syncope.
due to ischaemia-induced transient LV dysfunction
metabolic-myocardial lactate production & net ATP breakdown
due to anaerobic metabolism
ECG- Depression/ elevation in ST segment
