Angina Flashcards
The 3 types of angina are…which is the most common?
(1) Stable (which is the most common)
(2) Prinzmetal / variant
(3) Unstable (Acute coronary syndrome)
Angina (aka chest pain) is what type of chest pain? What is the chest pain caused by?
Intermittent. Caused by transient, reversible myocardial ischemia. Ischemia induced release of molecules that stimulate autonomic nerves. Narrowing of coronary arteries
What is the main cause of angina? In absence of the main cause, what are other causes…SSIM
Atherosclerotic heart disease Severe aortic stenosis Severe aortic regurgitation Increased metabolic demands Myocardial hypertrophy
Signs of angina.
1) Describe the BP
(2) Describe possible heart rhythm (three
(1) It can be up or down, down is more severe
(2) Gallop, systolic murmur, or arrhythmias
If symptoms are felt for more than ___ minutes, you have unstable angina
30 minutes
Description of “chest pain” could be
Tightness, squeezing, burning, pressing, choking, aching, bursting…basically they can describe it as something other than pain
In unstable angina, you could have the patient
(1) Breathing
(2) Mental health
(3) Skin
(1) Dyspnea
(2) Anxiety
(3) Sweating
Are blood tests helpful to diagnose angina? Screen for what other risk factors (two)?
Blood tests are not helpful in screening for angina. Screen for hyperlipidemia and diabetes
How is stable angina diagnosed?
CP is relieved with rest or nitro. Angiogram can show evidence of coronary artery obstruction
During episodes of angina describe the ECG
Horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression that reverses after ischemia is gone.
Which CCB should you avoid in the patient with CAD?
Nifedipine
Long term treatment of stable angina (four medications)
Beta blocker, CCBs, nitrates and aspirin
