Angelo Saxons topic 1

Question 1

What are earls

Answer 1

• most powerful lords that owned huge areas of land

Question 2

What are thegns

Answer 2

Carried out duties in the local community
- guarded tax collectors from attack
- organised the repair of forts, roads, bridges

Question 3

What are ceorls

Answer 3

• Owned small areas of farmland
• Had to carry out services for the lord however fee to work for another lord

Question 4

Peasants

Answer 4

• Worked on lands belonging to their lord
• Worked up to 3 days a week

Question 5

Slaves

Answer 5

• Had no land
• Were bought and sold
• Worked on lords lands

Question 6

Role of the Witan

Answer 6

A council that advised the king on issues of government
- discussed issues such as land, disputes religious matters and concerns over possible threats
- make recommendations on who should be king next

Question 7

What is the divine right of kings

Answer 7

that the monarch gained his right to rule directly from the will of God.

Question 8

How did the Church impact society

Answer 8

-Church owned 25% of land
-Archbishops and bishops sat on the Witan as royal advisors
-Archbishop of Canterbury would anoint a new king

Question 9

What’s a hide

Answer 9

Measurement used for land, showed how much one family would own

Question 10

What’s a tithing

Answer 10

an administration unit made of 10 households

Question 11

What were hundreds

Answer 11

A sub-division of shires managed by shire-reeves (contained about 12 villages)

Question 12

What’s a shire

Answer 12

Earldoms divided into counties managed by shire-reeves (were about 40 of them)

Question 13

What’s an earldom

Answer 13

The top layer of local government about 6 in one kingdom

Question 14

What were blood-feuds

Answer 14

The act of taking revenge for an injury caused to a family member

Question 15

What were blood-feuds

Answer 15

The act of taking revenge for an injury caused to a family member

Question 16

What is a weigield

Answer 16

a fine paid based off of the severity of a crime and who the crime was against

Question 17

Describe Trial by jury

Answer 17

Accuser and accused will tell their version of events and the jury would make their judgement on whose guilty

Question 18

Describe trial by ordeal

Answer 18

• Took place in church and lead to Gods judgement
  Example: persecuting by placing the skin in boiling water and depending on how it healed would show innocencr

Question 19

What did crimes such as treason result in

Answer 19

Capital punishment

Question 20

What was a common method of punishment for repeat offenders

Answer 20

Mutilation

Question 21

What is ‘hue and cry’

Answer 21

person could call out loudly for help in pursuing a suspected criminal. All who heard the call were obliged by law to join in the chase; failure to do so would incur a heavy fine and any misuse of the hue and cry was also punishable

Question 22

What were the responsibilities of the shire reeves

Answer 22

• dispensed justice
• responsible for taxes
• maintenance of infrastructure
• raising the fyrd

Question 23

How did the church influence education

Answer 23

Monks and Nuns copied important books and acted as teachers to the lords and their families

Question 24

What is subsistence economy

Answer 24

an economy in which people produce food, clothes, etc. for their own use

Question 25

What is the exchange economy

Answer 25

When surplus supplies are produced and are able to be bartered (sealed) for goods

Question 26

How was Harold Godwinson more influential than the king Edward

Answer 26

Edwards lands cost £6000 annually Harold’s cost £8500
Family relations (both brothers were earls was brother in law to the king and earl of Mercia

Question 27

Describe early tension between tostig and harold

Answer 27

• tostig was earl of Northumbria
• uprisings caused rebels to attack York demanding for Morcat (brother of Edwin) to become earl
• Harold accepted their demands

Question 28

Describe Harold’s embassy to Normandy

Answer 28

Harold swore on holy relics that he would support Williams claim to the English throne

Question 29

Why were there rivalry for the English throne

Answer 29

Edwin died with no heir
Harold was crowned the day of Edward’s funeral causing alarm

Question 30

what was Harold Hardrada’s claim to the throme

Answer 30

Made a secret deal between two previous viking kings providing the right to become king (had tostigs backing)

Question 31

What was William the conqueror’s claim to the throne

Question 32

what was Edgar Aetheling’s claim to the throne

Answer 32

1. Edwards nephew and natural heir (however was only 12 years old)

Question 33

Describe the events of the battle of Fulfprd gate

Answer 33

1 Harold and Tostig attacked with an army of 10,000
2. Edwin and Morcar intervene with army of 4000
Battle was a defeat for Morcar and Edwin who escaped while they can

Question 34

Describe the events of the battle of Stamford bridge

Answer 34

Harold surprises Harold and tostig at Stamford bridge (both are killed)

Question 35

ok How did Harold win at the battle of Stamford bridge

Answer 35

1. Vikings had left their armour on their ships
2. Hardrada and Tostig had fought at gate fulford 5 days prior (tired)
3. English were in favour of Godwinson