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Ocular Pharm > anesthetics > Flashcards

anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

which has higher allergy potential, esters or amides?

A

esters

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2
Q

can benoxinate be used alone?

A

no (often mixed with fluorescein)

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3
Q

is there cross sensitivity between amides and esters?

A

no

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4
Q

T or F- there is cross reactivity between proparacaine and benoxinate

A

false! there is no cross reactivity between them

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5
Q

1) ____ usually have one i and 2) ____ usually have 2 i’s

A

1) esters, 2) amides

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6
Q

the most commonly used ester topical anesthetics in eye care are?

A

tetracaide, benoxinate, and proparacaine

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7
Q

____ hydrozyses esters into ____, ____, and ____ products

A

pseudocholinesterase, PABA, MABA, BA

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8
Q

which are the PABA esters?

A

tetracaine, benoxinate, benzocaine, procaine

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9
Q

which are the MABA esters?

A

proparacaine

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10
Q

BA ester?

A

cocaine

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11
Q

is there cross reactivity between PABA and MABA products?

A

no

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12
Q

amides are metabolized by what?

A

the liver, biliary canal, or kidneys

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13
Q

which amide is saturable?

A

lidaocaine (can cause toxicity/seizures)

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14
Q

which is the most commonly used topical AMIDE anesthetic

A

lidocaine

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15
Q

which are longer acting with more systemic effects, esters or amides?

A

amides

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16
Q

which amide has the least sting?

A

proparacaine

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17
Q

which has the greatest corneal penetration?

A

tetracaine

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18
Q

which has the least corneal penetration?

A

lidocaine

19
Q

which anesthetic is the best for corneal debridement?

A

tetracaine

20
Q

which amide used topically or injected for chalazions?

A

lidocaine

21
Q

which has more of a hypersensitive response, esters or amides?

A

esters

22
Q

lidocaine duration (time) on eye is ____ when used with epinephrine for vasoconstriction?

A

doubled

23
Q

intrinsic ____ will occur when anesthetic numbs nerve impulses responsible for vasoconstriction and decreases duration of action

A

vasodilation

24
Q

high ____ ______ of drug to albumin can account for longer duration of action

A

protein binding

25
Q

which anesthetic can transiently increase corneal thickness?

A

proparacaine

26
Q

6 adverse effects of anesthetics

A

epithelial desquamation, cornemal edema, conjunctival hyperemia, contact dermatitis, burning/stinging/lacrimation, delayed wound healing, seizures/CNS depression (rare)

27
Q

anesthetic combos: is their toxicity additive?

A

no

28
Q

toxicity is ____ related to dose in systemic effects

A

exponentially

29
Q

target of anesthetics is the ___ sodium channels

A

voltage gated(the anesthetic gets into nerve via lipophilic characters, binds to receptor and closes channel so impulse is not created)

30
Q

you use ____compresses to treat anesthetic issues

A

cold

31
Q

patients may cross-react to the ______ in injectables

A

preservatives

32
Q

common topical ester based anesthetics are pregnancy category __ but lidocaine topical is category __

A

C, B

33
Q

two non-anesthetic alternatives for “caine” allergies

A

antihistaminics (injectables and saline version) and saline (injectables)

34
Q

anesthetic abuse syndrome: the primary sign of ____ is a yellow/white stromal ring?

A

disciform stromal infiltrates

35
Q

anesthetic abuse syndrome: what causes loss of epithelium?

A

keratic precipitates

36
Q

anesthetic abuse syndrome: ____ causes cells and flare

A

anterior uveitis

37
Q

white blood cells and red blood cells settled in the anterior chamber are called _____ and ____ respectively? (effect of anesthetic abuse syndrome)

A

hypopyon, hyphema

38
Q

in anesthetic abuse syndrome, corneal epithelial defect can lead to _____ and _____?

A

stromal edema, descemet’s folds

39
Q

______ and _____ are classic vasoconstrictors

A

phenylephrine, epinephrine

40
Q

a risk of vasoconstrictors?

A

local necrosis b/c blood supply cut off

41
Q

three ocular adverse effects of cocaine?

A

epithelial desquamation, mydriasis, lid retraction

42
Q

five systemic effects of cocaine?

A

myocardial infarction from vasoconstriction, convulsions, rapid palpitations, nausea, delirium

43
Q

4 drug interactions of cocaine

A

antihypertensives, MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants, decongestants

Ocular Pharm (2 decks)

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