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RUSVM Surgery Lab I > Anesthesia Quiz > Flashcards

Anesthesia Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

On what size patients would you use a non-rebreathing system?

A

<3kg

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2
Q

What is the normal SaO2?

A

95-100%

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3
Q

Where can you feel for a pulse in SA and LA?

A

SA: labial, digital, dorsal pedal, metatarsal LA: auricular, transverse facial, facial

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4
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a horse?

A

28-44

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5
Q

What size cuff should be used for Doppler/Oscillometric?

A

WIDTH = 30-40% the circumference of the limb If too big or tight - underestimates If too small or loose - overestimates

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6
Q

What is the normal temperature for a dog?

A

100.4-102.2

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7
Q

What are pulse ox results affected by?

A

Tissue thickness

Hypoperfusion, vasoconstriction

Anemia

Pigment of tongue

Altered Hb Binding: -CO/CN poisoning (will read higher than the actual %), Methemoglobinemia (reads in mid 80s)

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8
Q

What type of waveform is this?

What are some possible causes?

A

Rebreathing waveform (not returning to baseline)

Possible Causes:

Faulty expiratory valve

Too low fresh gas flow in non-rebreathing system

Expired Soda Lime (malfunction in Co2 absorber)

Insufficient expiratory time

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9
Q

What are the components of the ECG wave?

A

P wave - atrial depolarization QRS wave - ventricular depolarization; atrial repolarization T wave - ventricular repolarization

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10
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a dog?

A

10-30

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11
Q

Is PaCO2 respiratory or metabolic? Hco3-?

A

PaCo2 is respiratory

HCO3- is metabolic

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12
Q

What type of system is this?

A

Mapleson D

(Non-rebreathing)

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13
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a sheep?

A

70-90

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14
Q

Where should the cuff be placed for oscillometric BP measurement?

A

**At level of base of heart SA: distal radius, distal tibia, metatarsus LA: Metacarpus, Tail

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15
Q

What is the normal SaO2 on 100% O2? on air?

A

100%

95%

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16
Q

What is the normal temperature for a cat?

A

101.3-102.2

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17
Q

What is a normal SpO2 reading?

A

>95%

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18
Q

What type of waveform is this?

A

Expiratory obstruction/Bronchospasm

Give B2 agonist

“Shark Fin” appearance

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19
Q

How do you calculate what size reservoir bag to use?

A

15 ml/kg * 6 * BW (kg) = mL of bag

**ROUND UP

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20
Q

Is PaCO2 an acid or a base? HCO3-?

A

PaCO2 is an acid

HCO3- is a base

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21
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a cat?

A

120-180

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22
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a sheep?

A

12-20

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23
Q

What type of system is this?

A

Circle (Y)

(Rebreathing)

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24
Q

Where should the leads be placed in a SA and what leads do you use?

A

Lead II RA = white LA = Black LL = Red right is white, smoke over fire

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25
Q

Why do we use ECG?

A

record of heart’s electrical activity (action potentials) from body surface. Does NOT indicate the heart is contracting. HR, Rhythm, Morphology, Cardiac oxygenation, electrolyte disturbances

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26
Q

What is normal ETCO2?

A

35-45 mmHg

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27
Q

What is TCO2?

A

Almost the same as HCO3- –> 99% of Co2 is HCO3-

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28
Q

What is the normal PaCO2?

A

35-45 mmHg

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29
Q

What are some advantages of the Doppler BP?

A

Excellent pulse monitor Fewer artifacts from movement, arrhythmia, vasoconstriction Can measure BP on small animals too

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30
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a cat?

A

20-40

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31
Q

Define Hypothermia

What are some consequences?

A

<96

Below 94 MAC decreases - less anesthetic required

Recovery is prolonged
CV function is depressed

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32
Q

What are the induction/recovery and maintenance flow rates for large animals (>50kg**)?

A

Induction/Recovery = 20-50 mL/kg/min

Maintenance = 10-20 mL/kg/min

33
Q

How would you treat high lactate?

A

Give fluids

34
Q

What are the normal blood pressures for a horse?

A

SAP: 118-168 DAP: 76-116 MAP: 95-133

35
Q

Which letter corresponds with ETCo2?

36
Q

Where should the leads be placed in a LA and what leads do you use?

A

Lead I Right jugular furrow (Whithers) = white ventral midline under apex of heart = black left flank = red

37
Q

What are some disadvantages of the Doppler BP?

A

**SYSTOLIC pressure only unreliable for diastolic BP or Mean BP size and placement of cuff affects results underestimates systolic pressure in cats hard to place, more labour intensive, noisy

38
Q

How do you treat hypothermia?

A

Turn down/off vapourizer

Give warm fluids

Reduce skin exposure to air

Turn on Warmer (blanket, bair hugger, hot dog)

39
Q

Which artery do you use in horses for direct BP measurement?

A

Facial artery

40
Q

Where do you place an esophageal stethoscope?

A

Insert at midline dorsal to ET tube along the palatine raphe

41
Q

What type of system is this?

A

Universal F

42
Q

Hypoxia is define as what in regards to PaO2 and SaO2?

A

PaO2 <60mmHg

SaO2 <90%

43
Q

What type of waveform is this?

A

Cardiogenic oscillations

(heart beating against lungs)

44
Q

What does a pulse oximeter measure? where does it go?

A

Measures SpO2 - % of Hb saturated with oxygen

Does on tongue

45
Q

What is the normal PaO2?

A

80-110mmHg in air

>500mmHg in 100% O2

46
Q

How would your PaCO2 levels change if you were hyperventilating or hypoventilating?

A

Hyperventilation - decreased PaCO2

Hypoventilation - increased PaCO2

47
Q

How do you treat hyperthermia?

A

Turn up vapourizer

Give bolus fluids

cold packs in inguinal areas

alcohol to foot pads/ears

turn off warmer

48
Q

Define HYPOTENSION in terms of SAP and MAP

A

SAP <80 mmHg MAP <60 mmHg Below these numbers kidneys will not get adequate perfusion or be able to maintain GFR, cerebral perfusion will be compromised

49
Q

What type of ventilation is this?

What would be their ETCo2 level?

A

Hypoventilation

Hypercapnea (Co2 accumulation in bloodstream) - ETCO2 >45mmHg

50
Q

What is the normal for BE?

If BE is + what does this mean? If -?

A

0 +/- 4

If BE is + = metabolic alkalosis

If BE is - = metabolic acidosis

51
Q

What are some advantages of oscillometric BP measurement?

A

**Systolic, Diastolic and Mean BP obtained Easy to place Automatic readings, less labour intensive

52
Q

What are the most common arrhythmias under anesthesia?

A

Sinus Bradycardia Sinus Tachycardia 1st and 2nd degree AV blocks

53
Q

What is the normal temperature for a sheep?

54
Q

What is the normal temperature for a horse?

55
Q

What are the 5 causes of Hypoxemia?

A

Ventilation/Perfusion Mismatch

Hypoventilation

Low FiO2

Right to Left Shunt

Diffusion Impairment

**Very Happy Lovers Rarely Die**

56
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a dog?

57
Q

What is the normal PaO2 on 100% O2? On air?`

A

500mmHg

110mmHg

58
Q

What are the normal blood pressures for a dog?

A

SAP: 90-140 DAP: 50-80 MAP: 60-100

59
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a horse?

60
Q

How do you calculate the psi remaining in an E Cylinder? and how many minutes are left?

A

2200psi/660L = psi left on E tank/ X Litres

X Litres/(Flow liters/min) = minutes remaining

61
Q

Where should the doppler cuff be placed in relation to the probe?

62
Q

How do you perform a leak check?

A

Set all gauges to zero

Close APL valve

Occlude patient end of breathing system

Pressurize system to 30cmH2O with O2 flush

Ensure the pressure remains fixed for 30 seconds

–> if leak is present run on oxygen flow rate to 300mL

–> if leak stops, this is acceptable

Turn off the flow meter (if on)

Open APL valve

If there is a persistent leak check the following:

  • Co2 cannister (most common leak area)
  • Expiratory and Inspiratory Valves
  • Other connections
63
Q

Where do you obtain a sample for your blood gas in SA and LA?

A

SA: dorsal pedal artery

LA: facial artery, transverse facial artery, auricular artery

64
Q

What is the normal pH of the blood?

65
Q

What are some examples of non-rebreathing systems?

A

Mapleson D

Mapleson F

66
Q

What is capnography used for?

A

Monitors breath by breath ventilation, apnea, resp. rate Assess intubation (CO2 indicates proper intubation) Monitors return to circulation, estimate of CO in CPR Rebreathing CO2

67
Q

What is your O2 flow rate in a non-rebreathing system?

A

Needs to be 2-3x tidal volume

300 mL/kg/min

68
Q

What are the normal blood pressures for a cat?

A

SAP: 80-140 DAP: 55-75 MAP: 60-100

69
Q

What are 2 ways to measure HR?

A

Esophageal stethoscope, ECG

70
Q

What is the normal HCO3-?

A

24 +/- 4

cats = 22 +/- 2

sheep = 30 +/- 5

71
Q

Define Hyperthermia

What are some consequences?

A

>102

Higher anesthetic requirements (increases the MAC)

Damage to CNS

R/O malignant hyperthermia

72
Q

What are some examples on Rebreathing systems? What patients do we use them on?

A

Circle (Y) hose (sheep)

Universal F (Donkey/SA)

73
Q

What are the induction/recovery and maintenance flow rates for small animals (**<50kg**)?

A

Induction/Recovery = 50-100 mL/kg/min

Maintenance = 20-50 mL/kg/min

74
Q

What are some disadvantages of oscillometric BP measurement?

A

Less reliable in patients <10kg Movement, stress, vasoconstriction, hypotension, weak pulse - may cause inaccurate readings Not reading constantly - may have arrest between readings

75
Q

What type of waveform is this? What type of ventilation?

What would be their ETCO2 level?

A

Hyperventilation Waveform

Blowing off too much Co2 - decrease in Co2

<35mmHg

76
Q

Where can we measure temperature? Advantages of each?

A

Core Body Temp: -Esophagus (more biologically relevant - temp probe to mid thorax)

Peripheral Body Temp: -Pharync, Rectal, Nasal (colder than core)

77
Q

What is the normal Lactate?

A

<2.0 mmol/L

78
Q

What is the definition of HYPOTENSION in SA and LA?

A

SA: Mean <60 Systolic <80

LA: Mean <70 Systolic <90

79
Q

Which arteries should be used for doppler in the dog, sheep, horse?

A

Dog: palmar digital artery, dorsal pedal, coccygeal (tail) Sheep: median artery Horse: tail (coccygeal)

RUSVM Surgery Lab I (2 decks)

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