Anesthesia Machine 2 Flashcards

1
Q

why are flowmeter valves linked mechanically or pneumatically

A

so that O2 cannot be set below 25% with to the use of N2O

  • ensures adequate % of O2 delivery
  • No more than 70% N2O can be used
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2
Q

how does the flowmeter interlink mechanism function

A
  • O2 spindle is connected to N2O spindle
  • if you incres. N2O flow, O2 incre
  • if incres. O2 flow; N2O wil not increas
  • if decre N2O flow; O2 flow will not decr.

teeth: O2=29, N2O=14
- N2O knob spins 2.07 x’s per 1 O2 knob spin

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3
Q

what is Heat of Vaporization

A

the number of calories required at a specific temperature to convert 1 G of liquid to vapor

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4
Q

Describe the vaporizer flow pattern

A

FGF enters the vaporizer and pass through a filter
-a temp relief valve exist which will open is gas flow exceeds that which is required for trhe delivery of gas conc on dial

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5
Q

why do temperature compensating bypass valve exist

A
  • they exist because temp changes are constant

- bypass valve will open and allow gas to bypass vaporizer chamber

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6
Q

Color coded Vaporizers

A
Halothane-red
Isoflurane- purple
Enflurane- orange
Sevoflurane-yellow
Desflurane- blue
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7
Q

What happens if the wrong agent is put in a Vaporizer

A
  • HLH : higher VP agent in lower VP vaporizer chamber will deliver a higher conc
  • LHL :lower VP agent in higher VP vaporizer chamber will deliver a lower conc

*if occur, must flush with 100% O2 and dry

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8
Q

what is a TEC 6 Vaporizer and how does it work

A
  • made specifically for desflurane
  • electrically heats to approx 39 degrees C
  • pressurizes to approx 2atm
  • controls amt desflurane output
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9
Q

Why is Desflurane different from most other gases

A
  • VP is 3-4x’s that of other gases
  • boils at approx 22.8 degrees C
  • VP at room temp ( 20 deg C) is near 1 atm
  • if not heated, the large amt required would cause excess cooling of vaporizer making conventional temp compensation mechanisim ineffective
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10
Q

How is CO2 eliminated from a breathing circuit

A
  • high FGF

- or chemical neutralization

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11
Q

what are some Advantages of the Circle system

A
  • help avoid anesthetic pollution in the OR
  • avoid anesthetic wasting
  • helps prevent loss of patient heat and humidity by the high FGFrequired by the mapleson circuits
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12
Q

What is an APL or Pop Off valve

A
  • Allowable Pressure Limiting valve

- Valve that limits the amount of pressure inside the pts lungs during manuel/spontaneous ventilation.

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13
Q

how does an APL valve function

A
  • turning the knob to the right (closing) increases the pressure going into pt
  • turning to left decreases pressure
  • if pressure reaches the setting of the APL knob, the valve opens and allows excess gas to escape to the scavenging system
  • pressure gauge amt = PIP
  • not used for mechanical vent (bypassed)
  • leave open when not in use
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14
Q

What is the final product of CO2 neutralization

A
  • carbonate
  • water
  • heat
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15
Q

what is Soda Lime and Baralyme absorbant Mess size

A

4 -8

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16
Q

what is Soda Lime method of hardness

A
  • silica added

- minimizes dust formation

17
Q

what is Baralyme method of hardness

A

bound water of crystalization

18
Q

What is the Indicating dye for Soda Lime and Baralyme

A

Ethyl Violet

19
Q

What is the Absorptive Capacity for soda lime

A

14- 23 L of CO2/ 100G granules

20
Q

What is the Absorptive Capacity for Baralyme

A

9 - 18 L of CO2/ 100G granules

21
Q

What are the Contents of Soda Lime

A
  • sodium hydroxyde
  • potassium hydroxide
  • calcium hydroxide
22
Q

What are the Contents of Baralyme

A
  • calcium hydroxide

- barium hydroxide

23
Q

what are the contents of Amsorb absorbent

A
  • calcium hydroxide
  • calcium chloride
  • does not form compound A
24
Q

How are Toxic compounds formed

A
  • Sevoflurane interacts with strong bases in soda lime and baralyme
  • it forms degradation products that are toxic in high conc.
  • Compound A
25
What are some factors that increase compund A
-total gas flow rates below 1L/min (>2hrs) -use of baralyme rather than soda lime -high absorbent temp -high conc. of Sevoflurane -length of anesthesia -drying of CO absorbent, fresh soda lime, machine on all night
26
What are the volatile anesthetic gases that can produce carbon monoxide (in order of highest production)
1. Desflurane 2. Enflurane 3. Isoflurane
27
what factors increase the risk for carbon monoxide production
- use of baralyme rather than soda lime - higher temp in absorber - dry absorbent *monday morning syndrome - high anesth conc - incre length of time
28
what is a problem that can occur with the Unidirectional Valves
- sticking of valves | - flutter valves- oneway valves-check valves- dome valves