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Basic Principles of Anesthesia - CP > Anesthesia Gas Machine > Flashcards

Anesthesia Gas Machine Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed the first anesthesia gas machine?

A

Dr. Jay Heidbink developed the Heidbrink Anesthetizer Model T

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2
Q

Why do we do the anesthesia gas machine check?

A

Standard 6: equipment, patient safety

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3
Q

What does critical temperature mean?

A

temperature below which a gas is converted to liquid form by pressure

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4
Q

what is the critical temperature of oxygen?

A

-118 degrees C

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5
Q

1 L of oxygen = how many liters of oxygen gas

A

860 L oxygen gas

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6
Q

intermediate pressure includes

A

pipeline source to wall outlet
connecting supply hoses
filters and check valves
pressure gauges

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7
Q

high pressure includes

A 
cylinder sources
pressure regulator (decreases pressure to 50 PSI)
hanger yoke
filter and check valves
pressure gauge
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8
Q

what should our pipeline bourdon pressure gauges read?

A

each gauge should read about 50 psi

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9
Q

what does psi stand for?

A

pounds per square inch

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10
Q

What is the KISS safety feature?

A

key index safety sytem
connects gas hose to wall outlet
unique key for each gas
color coded

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11
Q

What is the DISS safety feature?

A

diameter index safety system
connects hose to back of the machine
each fitting has a different diameter and internal key unique for each gas

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12
Q

describe floating valves

A 
opens and closes with pressure
moves in direction gas flow pushes it
prevents rebreathing of CO2
also known as check valve - interface between pipeline and gas machine
unidirectional valves in circle system
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13
Q

what kind of valve does the O2 flush button have?

A

ball and spring

all or none

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14
Q

what does the diaphragm valve do?

A

reduces pressure

1st and 2nd stage regulators

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15
Q

what does psiA stand for?

A

pounds per square inch ABSOLUTE

psia = Pgauge + Patm

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16
Q

what does psiG stand for?

A

pounds per square inch GAUGE

psig = Patm - Pabsolute

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17
Q

what does 760 mmHg equal in psiA and psiG?

A 
psia = 14.7
psig = 0
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18
Q

what does the bourdon pressure gauge measure?

A

high pressures (Cylinder) relative to atmospheric pressure

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19
Q

when the gauge reads 0 what does that mean?

A

pressure = atmospheric

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20
Q

what is the purpose of the hanger yoke?

A

connects cylinder to gas machine
orients the cylinder
provides unidirectional flow
ensures gas tight seal

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21
Q

what is the pin position of oxygen, nitrous oxide, and air?

A

oxygen = 2 & 5
nitrous oxide = 3 & 5
air = 1 & 5

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22
Q

what is wood’s metal and what is comprised of?

A

fusible plug that melts at high temps (155-250 degrees F) to release gas from cylinder to prevent gas from exploding

composed of bismuth (50%), lead (25%), tin (12.5%), cadmium (12.5%)

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23
Q

what is the construction of the cylinder based on?

A

DOT specifications

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24
Q

what are the 7 required markings on a cylinder?

A

regulatory body type and material of the cylinder
serial number
purchase, use, and manufacturer
manufacturer’s manual
manufacturer’s identifying symbol
retest date, retester, id symbol, 110% filling, ten year test interval
neck ring owners id

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25
what does green color marking indicate? yellow? red?
green - nonflammable yellow - oxidizer red - flammable
26
what are cylinders made from?
steel, walls are 3/8 inch thick | some are chrome molybdenum alloy
27
what kind of cylinders are needed for MRI?
aluminum
28
what does the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act regulate?
medical gases contained in cylinders
29
what does the united states pharmacopoiea regulate?
the cylinder potency and purity
30
what does the department of transportation regulate?
cylinder design, construction, testing, marking, handling, filling, and transportation
31
what does the compressed gas association regulate?
sets standards on safe practice
32
what does the national fire protection association regulate?
location, construction, installation of bulk systems
33
safe handling of a cylinder includes
never stand upright without support never leave empty cylinders on machine never leave plastic cover on the port when installing never rely on color for ID of contents - read label never oil the valves never remove a cylinder from a yoke without filling the space with a yoke plug
34
what is the critical temperature of nitrous oxide?
36.5 degrees celcius
35
what does a pressure reducing valve do?
reduces the high, variable pressure to a lower constant pressure maintains constant gas flow without changing the supply pressure
36
what is oxygen's pressure and capacity?
1900 psi, 660 L
37
what is nitrous oxide's pressure and capacity?
745 psi, 1590 L
38
what is air's pressure and capacity?
1900 psi, 625 L
39
which law do we utilize when calculating our cylinder supply?
boyle's law - P1V1 = P2V2
40
where does the high pressure system end?
at the regulators | which will reduce pressures to lower, more constant pressures
41
what is the purpose of the fail safe system?
prevent unintentional delivery of hypoxic mixture to the flow control valves but doesn't prevent hypoxic mixture (if cross connection)
42
what does the low pressure alarm indicate?
signals low o2 pressure delivery to the machine | it is pressure driven
43
describe flowmeters
receive gas at low pressure two flowmeters for each gas but one knob so that there is an accurate measurement at high and low flows low flowmeter - up to 1 LPM high flowmeter - up to 12 LPM
44
where is the o2 flowmeter positioned and why?
downstream closest to the common gas outlet to reduce chance of hypoxic mixture
45
what are the components of a flowmeter?
knob, needle valve, valve stops, flow tube, indicator float
46
what is the minimum o2 flow?
250 mL/min
47
what are other names for flowmeters? what law(s) relate to them?
thorpe tubes, rotameters, variable orifice poiseulle's law - laminar flow below the bobbin, deals with viscosity graham's law - turbulent flow as diameter gets bigger, deals with density as flow rate increases, diameter increases, so pressure doesn't change
48
how many notches are on the o2 flowmeter knob?
8
49
flow through a tube depends on
the pressure drop across the constriction the size of the annular opening the physical properties of the gas
50
what is another name for the proportioning system?
hypoxic guard system | link 25
51
what do vaporizers do?
blend fresh gases from flowmeters with sufficient vapor to form a concentration to be delivered to the patient
52
an increase in temperature = a ____ rate of evaporation
increase
53
what does evaporation mean?
liquid and container cool, heat energy carried from liquid with evaporating molecules, cooling effect
54
an increase in temperature = ___ in vapor pressure
increase
55
what law explains vapor concentration?
dalton's law - relationship between volume % in the anesthetic agents partial pressure
56
what is the vapor pressure of isoflurane?
239 mmHg
57
what is the vapor pressure of halothane?
243 mmHg
58
what is the vapor pressure of enflurane?
175 mmHg
59
what is the vapor pressure of sevoflurane?
170 mmHg
60
what is the vapor pressure of desflurane?
669 mmHg
61
describe latent heat of vaporization
the number of calories needed to convert 1 g of liquid to vapor, without temperature change in the remaining liquid
62
describe specific heat
the number of calories needed to increase the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree C
63
why do manufacturers select materials for vaporizer construction with high specific heats?
to minimize temperature changes associated with vaporization
64
describe thermal conductivity
measure of how fast a substance transmits heat | high thermal conductivity is desirable in vaporizer construction (copper)
65
describe variable bypass vaporizer
determines gas split, flow over, automatic temperature compensation, agent specific calibration
66
describe measured flow vaporizer
operator determines carrier gas split, bubble through, changes in carrier gas flow for temperature compensation multiple agent calibration
67
what factors influence agent output?
- flow rate - temperature (as temp increases, greater gas flow) - intermittent back pressure (positive pressure ventilation or oxygen flush valve = increased concentration; minimized with baffles and check valve) - carrier gas composition (n2o more soluble than oxygen)
68
when temperature increases, the bimetallic strip ___- flow through the vaporizer chamber
decreases
69
what does the vaporizer interlock system check?
ensures that only one vaporizer is turned on
70
what are some hazards and safety features with the vaporizers?
tipping (>45 degrees agent can get into bypass chamber and increase concentration) overfilling leaks (loose filler caps, o ring junction, malposition) simultaneous inhaled agent administration (if center vaporizer is removed) incorrect agent in the vaporizer
71
if a higher vapor pressure agent is put into a lower vapor pressure agent's vaporizer what happens?
the concentration of the agent delivered will be HIGHER than the dialed setting
72
describe the tech 6 vaporizer
vaporizer for desflurane gas/vapor blender electrically heated
73
what is desflurane heated to?
39 degrees C
74
What does the amber, green, and red lights indicate on the tech 6 vaporizer?
amber- in warm up mode, alarm battery low green - vaporizer functional red - no output (lack of agent, tilting, malfunction)
75
how do you do the checkout of the tech 6 vaporizer?
1. press and hold the mute button until all lights are activated 2. turn on to >1% 3. unplug the electrical connection 4. no output alarm should sound
76
standard delivery of the oxygen flush valve
35-75 L/min at 50 PSI | bypasses directly to common gas outlet
77
the internal battery of the tech 6 vaporizer is for....
alarms only!
78
the electrical outlet for the tech 6 vaporizer is for..
the heating element.. if lose power will need to switch to another agent
79
5 tasks/directions of oxygen
1. proceeds through flowmeter 2. supplies o2 flush valve 3. activates fail safe mechanism 4. activates low oxygen pressure alarm 5. drives the ventilator

Basic Principles of Anesthesia - CP (7 decks)

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