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Gas Laws > Anesthesia Gas Laws > Flashcards

Anesthesia Gas Laws Flashcards

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1
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A
  1. Gas through flowmeters

2. Selection of ETT/IV catheter sizes

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2
Q

Henry’s Law anesthesia

A
  1. Over-pressurizing anesthetic gases
  2. Increasing deliver of O2 by increasing concentration
  3. Hyperbaric O2 chamber
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3
Q

Boyle’s Law

A
  1. Squeezing bag to ventilate a patient
  2. Diaphragm contracts and inspiration begins, diaphragm relaxes and exhalation begins
  3. Hyperbaric O2 therapy
  4. Bellows
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4
Q

Bernoulli’s principle

A
  1. Ventrain/jet ventilation
  2. Venturi mask
  3. Scavenge system
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5
Q

Avogadro’s hpothesis

A

How much gas in E-cylinder

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6
Q

Charle’s law

A

ETT cuff pressure
&
Regulation of anesthetic gas through metal strip

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7
Q

3rd gas law/Gay-Lussac’s Law

A
  1. steel tanks will explode when heated
  2. Regulation of anesthetic gas through metal strip
  3. Medical gas cylinders, ETTs, hydrogen thermometers
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8
Q

Univers gas law or ideal gas law

A
  1. amount of inhalation agent delivered to patient would increase/decrease depending on temperature compensative valves
  2. Emptying of an E-clinder
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9
Q

Graham’s Law

A
  1. Flow meters must be calibrated with correct gas or they would be inaccurate
  2. How anesthetic gases diffuse and effusion
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10
Q

Law of Laplace

A
  1. Ventilation and pressure
  2. AS and preload
  3. Collapsing pressure of alveoli and ability to keep open
  4. Surface tension, alvoli radius, lung compliance
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11
Q

Fick’s law anesthesia

A
  1. Pt with COPD will have reduced area for gas exchange to transpire & decreased speed of onset of anesthetic agents
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12
Q

Dalton’s law

A
  1. Total pressure of mixture of gases is equal to each gases individual partial pressure
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13
Q

Avogadrado’s hypothesis

A
  1. Equal volumes of gasses at a constant temperature and pressure have equal amounts of atoms and molecules
  2. 1 mole = 6.023 x 10^23
  3. Lead to discovery of universal gas law
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14
Q

Bernoulli’s principle

A
  1. velocity and pressure are INVERSE (velocity increases, pressure decreases)
  2. Applies ONLY to liquids and gases
  3. As velocity increases through a constant area, pressure on the lumen wall decreases, resulting in a tendency to collapse
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15
Q

Charles Law

A
  1. Temp and vol are proportional
  2. V1T2 = V2T1
  3. Published by Gay-Lussac
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16
Q

Universal Gas law or ideal gas law

A
  1. combo of Gay-lussac’s/boyle’s law, and charles law

2. PV=nRT (pressure x volume = moles x constant x temperature

17
Q

Standard molar volume in STP

A

22.71 L

18
Q

Gay-Lussac Law

A
  1. Temp and pressure are proportional
19
Q

Graham’s Law

A
  1. Deals with diffusion and effusion of gases

2. Rate of effusion INVERSE to square root of MW

20
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A
  1. Describes relationship of the amount of fluid flowing through tube
  2. Viscosity INVERS flow; radius directly proportional to flow
  3. Q = πPr^4 / 8nL: Q=flow, pressure, radius, n=viscosity, Length
21
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law (3rd)

A
  1. Draws from Charles Law and Boyle’s Law
  2. P1T2=P2T1
  3. Pressure is proportional to temperature
22
Q

What cuff pressure, if exceeded, causes tracheal granulation, ulceration of stenosis

A

30 mmHg

23
Q

Boyle’s Law

A
  1. Pressure INVERSE volume

2. P1V1 = P2V2

24
Q

Fick’s Law

A
  1. Rate of transfer DIRECTLY proportional to driving force (diffusion coefficient), surface area, and INVERSE proportional to thickness of membrane barrier
  2. Driving force is partial pressure difference NOT concentration difference
25
Q

Law of LaPlace

A
  1. Smaller radius the greater collapsing pressure

2. Greater radius LESSER collapsing pressure

26
Q

Treatment of ARDS

A
  1. PEEP to keep lungs open
  2. Supportive care
  3. Volume 6 mL/kg
27
Q

Henry’s Law

A
  1. Partial pressure of a gas above a liquid is DIRECTLY proportional to the concentration of the gas in that liquid
28
Q

3 Main factorsthat affect anesthetic uptake

A
  1. Solubility in blood
  2. Alveolar blood flow
  3. Difference in PP between alveolar gas and venous return
29
Q

Over pressurizing is a method to partially compensate for

A
  1. V/Q deficits
  2. Increased C.O
  3. High elevation

Gas Laws (1 decks)

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