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Anesthesia > Anesthesia Equipment > Flashcards

Anesthesia Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of anesthesia machine

A
  1. Deliver O2 to patient
  2. Delivery anesthetic gas
  3. Assist in ventilation
  4. Remove exhaled CO2 from patient
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2
Q

Components of anesthetic machine

A

**divided into high and low pressure part

  1. Medical gas source
  2. Regulator
  3. Flowmeter
  4. Vaporizer
  5. Fresh gas outlet
  6. Breathing system
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3
Q

Flow in machine

A
  1. O2 tank
  2. Reduction of pressure (also includes pressure reducing valve
  3. Flows through flowmeter and vaporizer (picks up inhalation drug)
  4. Rebreathing or Non-rebreathing circuit
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4
Q

Oxygen

A
  1. compressed gas
    -Either in:
  2. E cylinder: 2200 psi, 700L (Half at 1100 psi, 350L)
  3. H cylinder (7000L)

**pipeline pressure is 50-60 psi

  1. Liquid O2 (very low -180 degrees)
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5
Q

Medical Air

A

-compressed medical air is formed by drawing ambient air into compressor

-considered clean (filtered and separators to remove water, oil, other impurities)

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6
Q

Oxygen concentrator

A

-Filters and extracts room air to produce oxygen for medical use
>Removes N2 and uses compressor to store O2 in pressure tank

-need electrical supply
-delivers up to 92-95% O2
-2 zeolite molecular sieves in parallel (retains N2, Argon, unwanted components)
-5-10L/min

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7
Q

Safety system

A

-Colour coding (O2= white or green)

-Pin index safety: pins match with certain gas

-Diameter Index safety system for Connectors (H-cylinders): body, nut, stem system

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8
Q

Regulators

A

Convert variable high pressure to a constant working pressure (50-60psi)

  1. E tanks: 1 stage regulator on anesthetic machine (2200 down to 50-55 psi
  2. Pipeline supply: 2 stage regulators at O2 source
    -Set to 50-55psi
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9
Q

Flow meters

A

Control rate of gas delivery to low pressure area (Fresh gas flow)
-specific to gas
-colour coded
-L/min
-operated by needle valve; precision instrument
-Ball (center) vs. bobbin (top))

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10
Q

Vaporizer

A

Vaporizes anesthetic agent and delivers at set concentrations
-agent specific
-temperatures compensated, and bi-metallic strip adjusts ratio

**Two streams: some gas enters, some continues. The gas that enters will eventually join back up.

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11
Q

Vaporizer safety

A

-colour coding (sevo=yellow, iso=purple)
-key indexed filler systems
-lock on dial
-do not overfill
-do not tip vaporizer

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12
Q

Anesthetic breathing systems

A

Deliver O2 and anesthetic gases to patient
-allows CO2 elimination
-allows ventilation of lungs
-different types based on CO2 removal

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13
Q

CO2 removal types

A
  1. non rebreathing: use high gas flow to flush out CO2
  2. rebreathing: use chemical rxn to remove CO2 with absorber
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14
Q

Reservoir bags

A

6-10 times tidal volume
-reservoir of gases during inspiration
-allows monitoring of resp movements
-ventilates lungs

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15
Q

Breathing tube/hose

A

-provides connection and reservoir for gases
-**Apparatus dead space: potential area for CO2 collection

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16
Q

Rebreathing system

A

-allow rebreathing and conservation of exhaled

-used on animals larger than 10kg
-CO2 removal is depends on passage of gases through CO2 absorber (chemical rxn)
-allow low/min flow of anesthesia

17
Q

Advantages of rebreathing sys

A

-decreased use of volatile anesthetics
-improved temperature and humidity control
-reduced environmental pollution

18
Q

Disadvantages of rebreathing sys

A

difficult to adjust anesthetic depth

19
Q

Rebreathing sys components

A

-inspiratory one way valve and breathing tube
-y piece
-expiratory tube and one way valve
-reservoir bag
-CO2 absorber

20
Q

Breathing tubes of rebreathing system

A

-flexible, low resistance between Y piece and one way
-corrugated to reduce obstruction
-increase resistance by adding length

10-30 ml/kg/min
**low: 4-10 ml/kg/min

21
Q

F circuit

A

Co-axial system (inspiratory inside expiratory)

Less dead space! and helps with warming up gases!

22
Q

Y piece

A

unites ET tube connector to inspiratory and expiratory breathing tubes
-contributes to dead space
-septum may be present to decrease dead space

23
Q

Denitrogenization in rebreathing system

A

Needed for all rebreathing systems
-Air 21% O2, 79% N2
-body and machine equalize levels
-N2 moves down partial pressure gradient from body into breathing system (takes 20mins)
-High fresh gas flow used for first 20mins to flush N2 and to reduce risk of inhaling hypoxic mixtures

24
Q

One way valves of rebreathing components

A

-prevents the rebreathing of exhaled gas
-enter below, raising disk
-allow gas to pass in one direction but does add resistance
**when increased resistance, harder for smaller animals

25
Q

CO2 absorber

A

-contains chemical absorbent for removing CO2 from exhaled gases
*exothermic rxn , produces water
*pH increases = colour change!! white to Purple

26
Q

Non rebreathing system

A

CO2 removal is dependent on fresh gas flow during expiratory pause
-150-300 ml/kg/min

27
Q

Advantages to non rebreathing

A

-less resistance to breathing
-less mechanical dead space
-rapid manipulation of anesthetic depth

28
Q

Disadvantages to non- rebreathing

A

-higher waste of both carrier gas
-high flow of dry cool gas (heat and humidity loss)

29
Q

Failure to remove CO2

A

Non rebreathing sys:
-inadequate fresh gas flow
-kinked tube
-hidden tears or disconnections in coaxial systems

Rebreathing sys:
-stuck 1 way valve
-exhausted CO2 absorber in rebreathing system

30
Q

Circuit pressure gage (Manometer)

A

-Corresponds with pressure generated in patient breathing circuit
-guide for positive pressure ventilation in lungs and leak tests

-not greater than 10-25 cm H2O
-highest number= peak inspiratory pressure reached
**also check animals chest expansion

31
Q

Scavenging system

A

-conducts waste anesthetic gases away from workspace
>passive
-active

**pink coloured hoses

32
Q

Adjustable pressure limiting valve

A

Allow excess gas within breathing system to be vented into a waste gas scavenging system
-always leave open during spontaneous breathing
-only closed during ventilation and leak test
*mechanical ventilation

33
Q

O2 flush

A

Allows Oxygen to bypass flowmeters and vaporizers
-O2 delivered at high flow and pressure
-Used with circle systems to flush out anesthetic in emergency. and for leak tests
-Never use with non-rebreathing circuit attached to patient

34
Q

Ventilators

A

Used to provide intermittent positive pressure ventilation
-person can also ventilate mechanically

35
Q

When not to use ventilators?

A

-open thorax

-neuromuscular blockade (skeletal muscle paralysis)

Anesthesia (24 decks)

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