Anesthesia Drugs Flashcards
What is the induction dose of Propofol for anesthesia?
1.5-2.5 mg/kg IV.
What is the maintenance infusion rate for Propofol during anesthesia?
5-100 mcg/kg/min IV.
What is the typical dose for preoperative sedation with Midazolam?
1-2 mg IV, 30 minutes before surgery.
What is the Ketamine IV dose for anesthesia induction?
1-2 mg/kg IV.
What is the IV dosing of Morphine for acute pain management?
2.5-5 mg IV
What is the initial IV dose of Fentanyl for use as an anesthesia adjunct?
50-100 mcg IV, titrated to effect.
What is the IV dosing of Hydromorphone for moderate to severe pain?
Depending on what you read, 0.2-1 mg IV, or 1-2mg.
What is the dose of Rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation?
0.6-1.2 mg/kg IV.
What is the maintenance infusion rate for Rocuronium?
10-15 mcg/kg/min IV.
What is the dose of Succinylcholine for rapid sequence intubation?
1-2 mg/kg IV.
What is the intubation dose of Cisatracurium?
0.15-2.0 mg/kg IV.
What is the maintenance infusion rate for Cisatracurium?
1-3 mcg/kg/min IV.
What is the mechanism of action for Phenylephrine?
Acts on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction, increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure.
What is the IV infusion rate for Phenylephrine?
0.1 to 0.5 mcg/kg/min, titrated to maintain desired blood pressure.
What is the primary use of Methylene Blue in clinical medicine?
Treats methemoglobinemia by reducing methemoglobin back to hemoglobin and inhibits guanylate cyclase in vasoplegic syndrome.
What is the IV dosing for Methylene Blue in treating methemoglobinemia?
1-2 mg/kg body weight IV over 5-10 minutes; may repeat if methemoglobin levels remain high.
What is the typical infusion rate for Dobutamine in heart failure?
2.5 to 20 mcg/kg/min, adjusted based on patient response.
What are the dosage variations for Dopamine based on desired effect?
1-5 mcg/kg/min for renal blood flow, 5-10 mcg/kg/min for cardiac support, 10-20 mcg/kg/min for vasoconstrictive effects.
What is the loading and maintenance dose for Milrinone in heart failure?
Loading dose: 50 mcg/kg over 10 minutes. Maintenance infusion: 0.375 to 0.75 mcg/kg/min.
What is the starting dose of Norepinephrine in septic shock?
0.01 to 0.3 mcg/kg/min IV, titrate to maintain adequate blood pressure.
What is the standard dosing for Vasopressin in vasodilatory shock?
0.01 to 0.04 units/min IV infusion.
Mechanism of action for Phenylephrine?
Acts on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction, increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure.
Mechanism of action for Methylene Blue?
Reduces methemoglobin to hemoglobin and inhibits guanylate cyclase, impacting the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway.
Mechanism of action for Dobutamine?
Stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors, enhancing cardiac contractility with minimal effect on heart rate.
Mechanism of action for Dopamine?
At low doses, acts on dopaminergic receptors for renal vasodilation; moderate doses stimulate beta-1 for cardiac support; high doses act on alpha-1 receptors for vasoconstriction.
Mechanism of action for Milrinone?
Inhibits phosphodiesterase-3 in cardiac and vascular tissues to increase cAMP, enhancing cardiac contractility and causing vasodilation.
Mechanism of action for Norepinephrine?
Stimulates alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, increasing blood pressure and cardiac output.
Mechanism of action for Epinephrine?
Stimulates alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction, increased cardiac output, and bronchodilation.
Mechanism of action for Vasopressin?
Binds to vasopressin V1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction and to V2 receptors in renal collecting ducts to promote water reabsorption.
Mechanism of action for Propofol?
Enhances the activity of GABA_A receptors, causing inhibition of neuronal activity which leads to sedation and hypnosis.
Mechanism of action for Midazolam?
Enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA_A receptor, leading to sedative, anxiolytic, amnesic, and hypnotic effects.
Mechanism of action for Ketamine?
Acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist to interrupt sensory perception pathways, providing sedation, analgesia, and amnesia.
Mechanism of action for Morphine?
Binds to and activates mu-opioid receptors, inhibiting neurotransmitter release and modulating pain.
Mechanism of action for Fentanyl?
Binds to mu-opioid receptors in the CNS, leading to profound analgesia.
Mechanism of action for Hydromorphone?
Activates mu-opioid receptors to exert its analgesic effect.
Mechanism of action for Rocuronium?
Competes with acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, preventing muscle contraction.
Mechanism of action for Succinylcholine?
Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, causing muscle contraction followed by paralysis due to prolonged depolarization.
Mechanism of action for Cisatracurium?
Blocks acetylcholine from binding to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, preventing muscle contraction.
