Anesthesia Flashcards
Types of Anesthesia
General
Sedation
Regional
Define General Anesthesia
Suppression of activity in the CNS
Unconsciousness & total lack of sensation
Define Sedations
Inhibition of transmission of nerve impulses between higher & lower centers of the brain
Inhibition of anxiety & memory
Define Regional Anesthesia
Use of local anesthetics to make a portion of the body insensate by blocking transmission of nerve impulses between a part of the body & the spinal cord
Peripheral Anesthesia
Inhibits sensory perception within a specific location
Nerve blocks
Central Anesthesia
Local anesthetic delivered around the spinal cord & removes sensation of the body below the level of the block
Risks of Anesthesia
Death
MI
PE
Post op N/V
ASA 1
Normal healthy patient
ASA II
Patient with mild systemic disease
Smoking, pregnancy, obesity, well controlled DM or HTN, lung disease
ASA III
Patient with sever systemic disease, not incapacitating
DM, poorly controlled HTN, hx of MI, CVA, TIA, cardiac stent; COPD, ESRD, hepatitis, pacemaker, EF less than 40%, congenital metabolic abnormalities
ASA IV
Patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
Recent MI, CVA, TIA, cardiac stent; ongoing cardiac ischemia or severe valve dysfunction; ICD; EF below 25%
ASA V
Moribund patient who is not expected to survive
Ruptured AAA; intracranial bleed; ischemic bowel with significant cardiac path
ASA VI
Delivered brain-dead
Organ donor for transplantation
Regional/Local Anesthesia
Pain blocked from a part of the body using local anesthetics
Types of Regional Anesthesia
Infiltrative Peripheral nerve block IV regional anesthesia Central nerve blockage Topical anesthesia Tumescent anesthesia