Anesthesia

Question 1

What are the two main types of anesthetic circuits? How do the flow rates differ?

Answer 1

1. Rebreathing > 5 kg
   - Requires LOWER O2 flow rates (0.5 l/min)
2. Non-Rebreathing/Bain < 5 kg
   - Requires HIGHER O2 flow rates (2 l/min)

Question 2

Characteristics of general anesthesia?

Answer 2

Loss of consciousness, amnesia, muscle relaxation, immobility, controlled, REVERSIBLE

Question 3

What are the stages of general anesthesia?

Answer 3

Stage I: Voluntary movement (pt conscious)
Stage II: Involuntary movement (pt unconscious)
Stage III: Surgical anesthesia
- Plane I: Light surgical anesthesia
- Plane II: Moderate surgical anesthesia (GOAL)
- Plane III: Deep surgical anesthesia
- Plane IV: Very deep surgical anesthesia
Stage IV: Medullary (brainstem) collapse

Question 4

CO = ___ x ___

Answer 4

HR x SV

Question 5

BP = ___ x ___

Answer 5

CO x SVR

Question 6

What 3 things make up SV?

Answer 6

preload, contractility, and afterload

Question 7

BP cuff size

Answer 7

30% width of limb

Question 8

MAP goal

Answer 8

70 or higher

Question 9

Steps to treating hypotension

Answer 9

1. ASSESS DEPTH
2. Increase HR if needed
3. Give fluids if needed
4. • Inotropes
     Try to decrease gas if possible, one of the leading cause of hypotension during anesthesia

Question 10

PaO2 should be _x the FiO2

Answer 10

5
example: breathing atmospheric 21% oxygen givens us a PaO2 80-100

Question 11

What position should a hypoxic patient be positioned if possible?

Answer 11

Sternal

Question 12

What drives ventilation?

Answer 12

CO2 - Amount in CSF measured by the brainstem

Question 13

Review capnograph waveforms

Answer 13

Normal
Rebreathing CO2 - never reaches zero
Apnea/detached monitor
Cardiac arrest
Shark fin
ETT leak
Cardiac oscillations
ROSC

Question 14

Measuring CPR effectiveness via capnography

Answer 14

ETCO2 > 15 (goal)
This means that we have enough CO to circulate back to the lungs to rid CO2 if we have a high reading :)

Question 15

How to calculate tidal volume?

Answer 15

Kg x 15 (multiple by 5 to find bag size)

Question 16

Fluid rates for dog/cat surgical procedures

Answer 16

Dog 5 ml/kg/hr
Cat 3 ml/kg/hr