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Pocket Pets > Anesthesia > Flashcards

Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Why do you want to restraint a rabbit and at the same time be careful?

A

Bite, scratch, kick
Be careful because thy can have spinal fractures (T-L lower) or tibial fractures

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2
Q

How would you restraint a rabbit? How about a rodent?

A

Rabbit: grasp at nape, support rump (others: transport cage, cat bags, squeeze cages, and towel over eyes)
Rodents: Pick up in the palm, support under rump, grasp at nape, traps

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3
Q

Why is stress a bad thing?

A

It can cause physical damage but also release catecholamines (will sensitize myocardium and can cause arrhythmias)

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4
Q

What is the most important factor when it comes to physiological/anatomical with pocket pets vs other pets?

A

Their small size

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5
Q

Why would the small size of pocket pets is a problem? (5 things)

A

Difficult vascular access
Mechanical obstruction of airway due to positioning
Compression of thoracic cavity during handling
Challenges with equipment and intraoperative monitoring
Drug dosing

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6
Q

Pocket pets have a (high/low) metabolic rate and therefore will cause (hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia) with prolonged fasting.

A

High
Hypoglycemia

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7
Q

Pocket pets have (high/low) surface area:volume ratio which means they will go into (hypothermia/hyperthermia) faster.

A

High
Hypothermia

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8
Q

(T/F) Pocket pets have high oxygen consumption rates which means they have low tolerance to hypoxemia, slow inhalant anesthetic uptake and elimination, and irreversible CNS injury

A

False - everything true except: they have rapid inhalant anesthetic uptake and elimination

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9
Q

Why do we not want to fast a pocket pet?

A

Can cause GI ileus and tympany - abdomen will distend and it becomes hard to breathe because they are putting pressure into the diaphragm

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10
Q

Why do we want to intubate pocket pets even though it is really hard?

A

They can become hypoxemic, hypercapnic, and go into respiratory arrest

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11
Q

Why do we not really need to fast the pocket pets?

A

Because they do not vomit or regurgitate

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12
Q

What are the three ways we can provide fluids/drugs to pocket pets?

A

IV, IO, SQ

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13
Q

How much blood volume do pocket pets have and how many can be lost?

A

Blood volume = 10% BW
Blood loss = 10% of the blood volume

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14
Q

What is the minimum protective equipment we should use to protect ourselves from zoonotic diseases?

A

Gloves and masks

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15
Q

What are the 4 zoonotic diseases rabbits can transmit?

A

Pasteurellosis, Ringworm, Crypto, Mycobacterium

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16
Q

What part of the body of rabbits, ferrets, and rodents do we want to make sure we check thoroughly in the physical exam and why?

A

Respiratory system (upper airway - Nares, nasopharynx, cheek pouches)
They are primary/obligate nasal breathers

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17
Q

What would happen to rabbits that fast before going under anesthesia?

A

Hepatic lipidosis

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18
Q

What would happen to guinea pigs that fast before going under anesthesia?

A

Pregnancy toxemia

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19
Q

What are the areas that Dr. Paranjape recommends for vascular access?

A

Jugular, cephalic, saphenous, marginal ear vein
Rats - lateral coccygeal vein

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20
Q

Where did Dr. P recommended for IO catheritization?

A

Proximal femur, tibia, humerus

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21
Q

Injury to what artery will cause thrombosis and ischemic necrosis in rabbits?

A

Auricular artery

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22
Q

How can you cause local vasodilation of the tail in rodents?

A

Warming of the tail by immersion in a water bath

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23
Q

What can happen with excessive IM volumes?

A

Muscle necrosis, volume overload

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24
Q

(T/F) You want to preoxygenate always and use different size face masks if not there will be a lot of dead space.

A

True

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25
Q

(T/F) We should always use sedatives (pre-meds) and then induce with an inhalant.

A

True

26
Q

What are the pros and cons of an induction chamber?

A

Pro:
Minimal physical restraint
Reduces injury to animal/handler
Secure chamber top - prevent animal from escaping
Cons:
Environment contamination/difficult monitoring

27
Q

How do we fill up an induction chamber effectively to sedate a pocket pet?

A

Vaporizers set at maximum concentration and oxygen flow rate (2-4L/min)

28
Q

How do you know when to take out a pocket pet from an induction chamber?

A

Once animal loses its righting reflex (point at which an animal no longer responds to their innate instinct to avoid the vulnerability of dorsal recumbency)

29
Q

What is the ET tube size range we should use with rabbits?

A

2-4.5 mm ID

30
Q

To intubate a rabbit align larynx and _____ with _____ and displace the epiglottis.

A

Trachea
Oropharynx

31
Q

Why do you want to give a lidocaine splash in rabbits, rats, hamsters and ferrets?

A

Laryngospasms

32
Q

What are the three equipments to use for direct visualization to intubate a rabbit?

A

Laryngoscope, otoscope, rigid endoscope

33
Q

If an endoscope is 2.7 mm OD then the ET tube must be how big?

A

> 3mm

34
Q

What is the confirmatory way to check ET tube placement?

A

Capnograph - detection of exhaled carbon dioxide

35
Q

What pocket pet species do we not intubate and why?

A

Guinea pigs because the entry to the glottis is through the palatal ostium (hard to do)

35
Q

What do we use with rats and hamsters to intubate instead of an ET tube?

A

14-16 G over the needle catheter without a stylet

36
Q

Why do we have to make sure the ferrets have to be in deep plane anesthesia?

A

They have sharp teeth so they could lacerate the ET tube

37
Q

Why do you not want to use a larger face mask on pocket pets?

A

There is extra space which will trap exhaled gases high in CO2 (they will rebreathe the CO2)

38
Q

What type and number of laryngoscope with pediatric straight blade should you use in pocket pets?

A

Miller # 0 or 1

39
Q

What two gasses can be used as carrier gasses?

A

Oxygen alone and oxygen with nitrous oxide

40
Q

What happens with waste anesthetic gas?

A

Ducted out of the room or is absorbed using activated charcoal

41
Q

What kind of anesthetic system should be used for pocket pets?

A

Brain - non rebreathing system low resistance

42
Q

What should be the gas flow rate to remove CO2 with pocket pets?

A

200mL/kg/min

43
Q

What are the three things we should be looking at to check for light plane of anesthesia?

A

Reflex (palpebral, corneal), muscle tone, movements

44
Q

What should we use to check bradycardia/tachycardia in pocket pet anesthesia?

A

EKG
- Can also use pulse rate, cardiac ausculatation

45
Q

What should we use to check for hypotension/hypertension in pocket pet anesthesia?

A

Indirect BP measurement
- Can use direct BP measurement but would need arterial monitors

46
Q

What should we use to check for hypoxemia in pocket pet anesthesia?

A

Pulse oximetry (SPO2)
- Can also use arterial blood gas sampling or mucous membranes

47
Q

What should we use to check for hypoventilation in pocket pet anesthesia?

A

Capnography (EtCO2)
- Can also use blood gas sampling

48
Q

What are the tree reflexes that can be used to check anesthetic depth?

A

Pedal withdrawal (toe/tail pinch), pinna reflex. corneal and palpebral reflex

49
Q

Fixed (constricted/dilated) pupil + (responsive/unresponsive) to light + (present/absent) corneal reflex = Deep anesthesia (too much)

A

Dilated
Unresponsive
Absent

50
Q

What physiologic parameters will you see if there is a light plane of anesthesia?

A

Increased: heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate/depth

51
Q

Where would you take indirect blood pressure measurements?

A

Legs, forearms, tail, ear

52
Q

Where can you place the doppler flow probe?

A

Tail base, carotid/femoral/auricular arteries, directly over the heart

53
Q

Where can you place the pulse oximetry measurement?

A

Digits, paws, tongue, proximal tail, ear, rectum

54
Q

What type of fluids do we use for pocket pets during anesthesia?

A

LRS (isotonic fluids)

55
Q

What is the fluid rate for pocket pets during procedures?

A

Short procedures = 10mL/kg/hr
Longer = 5-8mL/kg/hr

56
Q

What routes can be used to provide fluids to rabbits or rodents?

A

Rabbits - IV, SQ
Small rodents - IP, SQ

57
Q

What 5 things should we monitor post op?

A
  • Ileus (treat with prokinetic)
  • Vomiting/regurg
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypothermia
  • Dehydration
58
Q

What should be do specifically with guinea pigs post op and why?

A

Anorexia and inappetant we need to supplement with Vitamin C

59
Q

How do we assess pain because it gets harder to find out the smaller the patient is?

A

Touch incision site and check for pain

Pocket Pets (11 decks)

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