Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS216B > Anesthesia > Flashcards

Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What is anesthesia

A

sedation of a patient for the purposes of a medical procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are four types of anesthesia

A

local, regional, general, and monitored anesthesia care (MAC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the difference between local and regional anesthesia?

A

loss of sensation in a focused body area

loss of sensation in a region of a body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what kind of anesthesia is used for minor procedures?

A

local anesthesia (sutures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what kind of anesthesia is used for major procedures

A

general anesthesia (abdominal surgery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is general anesthesia different from other anesthesia

A

total loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the similarity between general anesthesia and monitored anesthesia care

A

both affect systemically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is monitored anesthesia care special?

A

conscious sedation (sedation at low levels to maintain vital signs without intubation)

  • able to awake
  • able to respond
  • maintain vital signs without assistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pathophysiology of local anesthesia

A

Na influx into neurons is blocked, efferent and afferent are both affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

kinetics of local anesthesia

A

lipophilic, metabolized via hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does local anesthesia cross BBB?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

suffix for local anesthesia

A
  • caine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

onset and duration for local anesthesia

A

onset: less than 2 min
duration: drug dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

three routes for local anesthesia are

A

topical, infiltration, nerve block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

infiltration is SC injection into the _____

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nerve block is SC injection near a ________

A

large nerve bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

three adjunct medications for local anesthesia

A
  1. epinephrine (vasoconstriction)
  2. sodium bicarbonate (for bacterial acidify environment)
  3. opioids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do we need to make sure if inject anesthesia into the epidural space?

A

no CSF return in needle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

onset for epidural local anesthesia

A

20-30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the epidural route requires _____ drug dosage than for spinal route

A

higher

21
Q

can epidural block all levels of the spinal column

A

yes; cervical, thoracic, lumbar

22
Q

which level of spinal column should be injected with epidural local anesthesia for any thoracic surgery

A

cervical

23
Q

which level of spinal column should be injected with epidural local anesthesia for any upper abdominal surgery

A

thoracic

24
Q

which level of spinal column should be injected with epidural local anesthesia for any lower abdominal surgery

A

lumbar

25
Q

which level of spinal cord should be delivered for a subarachnoid route to avoid spinal injury?

A

below L2

26
Q

onset for intrathecal route

A

quick onset

27
Q

how many doses are needed for the intrathecal route

A

one dose into CSF

28
Q

how to verify needle position for intrathecal route

A

whether CSF is present in the needle

29
Q

what are the common procedures for intrathecal route

A

abdominal and pelvic

30
Q

what is a risk for the intrathecal route if the diaphragm is affected

A

respiratory depression

31
Q

side effects of anesthesia

A

hypotension, respiratory depression, loss of sensation and motor function post-op, site of hematoma and infection, catheter migration, backache, urinary retention, spinal cord injury, CSF infiltration

32
Q

what is the treatment goals for general anesthesia

A
  1. analgesia
  2. relaxation/amnesia/hypnosis
  3. loss of reflexes (neuromuscular blockers)
33
Q

opioid such as fentanyl and morphine are used in anesthesia for ____

A

analgesia

34
Q

what are the two drug classes for general anesthesia

A

inhaled general anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics

35
Q

nitrous oxide, halothane, and isoflurane are _____ general anesthetics used for _____________.

A

inhaled; decrease action potentials, increase GABA

36
Q

ketamine and barbiturate like drugs like propofol are _____ anesthetics

A

intravenous; increase GABA

37
Q

IV anesthetics have _____ onset and ____t1/2; _____ is necessary and vital sign should be supported to prevent _____.

A

rapid; short; intubation; hypotension

38
Q

what are three types of general anesthetic medication

A

analgesia, unconsciousness, neuromuscular blocking agents

39
Q

neuromuscular blocking agents is also known as

A

anticholinergics or paralytics

40
Q

why both IV and inhaled general anesthetics are sometimes needed?

A

induction and maintenance

41
Q

how does neuromuscular blocking agents work

A

block Ach binding at nicotinic receptors

42
Q

is there BBB penetration for neuromuscular blocking agents

A

no

43
Q

why is intubation needed for neuromuscular blocking agents?

A

it causes muscle paralysis including the diaphragm

44
Q 
vecuronium
rocuronium
pancuronium 
succinylcholine (short t1/2) 
botox

are meds for?

A

neuromuscular blocking agents

45
Q

neuromuscular blocking agents is ideal for ____, ____, and ____.

A

complex procedures, ICU recovery, and mechanical ventilation

46
Q

neuromuscular blocking agents is _____ onset.

A

rapid

47
Q

botox is _____ injection and ____ paralysis.

A

intradermal; superficial

48
Q

ketamine, benzodiazepines, opioids are used in

A

conscious sedation

49
Q

midazolam (versed) is used for

A

MAC

NURS216B (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions