Anemias + Hematologic Disorders Flashcards
What are common microcytic anemias?
Iron deficiency, thalassemias, and sideroblastic*
Macrocytic anemias can be caused by deficiencies in what two vitamins?
Cobalamin and folic acid deficiency
What would differentiate a normocytic anemia caused by primary bone marrow failure from that caused by a secondary anemia like liver disease?
Primary bone marrow failure would show decreased erythroid progenitors, while that would be normal in secondary anemias
What are common causes for secondary anemias?
Inflammation, uremia, liver disease, and reduced endocrine function
Microcytes in a peripheral blood smear could indicate what?
Iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia
A “pencil cell” on a peripheral blood smear coudl indicate what?
Iron deficiency anemia
A “tear drop” on a peripheral blood smear could indicate what?
Myelofibrosis or extra medullary hemopoiesis
A “target cell” on a peripheral blood smear could indicate what?
Liver disease, hemoglobinopathies, or post-splenectomy
A Howell-Jolly body on a peripheral blood smear could indicate what?
Nuclear inclusion or post-splenectomy
A “spherocyte” on a peripheral blood smear could indicate what?
Hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia
A “spur cell” on a peripheral blood smear is indicative of what?
Severe liver disease
A “stomatocyte” on a peripheral blood smear could indicate what?
Liver disease or hereditary stomatocytosis
MCV>100, RPI< 2.5, Retic (L/N), & RDW (H)
B12 or Folate Deficiency
MCV>100, RPI<2.5, Retic (L/N), & RDW (N)
Bone marrow failure, myelodysplatic syndrome, hypothyroidism, drug induced (anti-convulsants)
MCV>100, RPI<2.5, Retic (H), RDW (H)
Active hemolysis w/h brisk reticulocytosis
MCV<80, RPI<2.5, Retic (L), RDW (H)
Iron deficiency anemia
MCV<80, RPI<2.5, Retic (H), RDW (H)
Lead poisoning
MCV<80, RPI<2.5, Retic (L/N), RDW (N)
Thalassemia, Hb H Dx, HbC Dx, chronic inflammation, sideroblastic anemia
Primary contributor to the reduced side of RBC in microcytic anemias?
Quantity of Hemoglobin (Limit of production)
Iron deficiency anemia has a high association with what cancers?
Pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancer
In microcytoic anemia what is the relationship between the MCV and RDW?
MCV will decrease as RBC size decreases (less hemoglobin) BUT the RDW will increase as anisocytosis (unequal size) and poikilocytosis (abnormal shaped) RBC appear
What protein suppresses iron transport and release from macrophages when it is released from the liver into the blood?
Hepcidin
What form of iron travel is the circulation and what is it bound to?
Fe3+ bound to transferrin
Excess iron is stored within what intracellularly in all growing cells?
Ferritin
