Anemias and Blood Disorders

Question 1

Marked Erythroid Hyperplasia

Answer 1

Anemia caused by increased red cell loss or reduced red cell life span. Generates elevated reticulocyte counts in the peripheral blood and erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow.

Question 2

Megaloblastic Hyperplasia

Answer 2

Large RBCs with hypersegmented neutrophils. Commonly caused by folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Can also be seen in alcoholic liver disease.

Question 3

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 3

Pancytopenia of all cell lines due to hypocellular bone marrow. Can be congenital, immune mediated, or from toxins.

Question 4

Leukoerythroblastosis

Answer 4

Nucleated and teardrop RBCs with immature WBCs. Suggestive of displacement of hematopoietic elements by another process. Can be caused by marrow replacement/invasion.

Question 5

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

Answer 5

Hematopoiesis occurring in organs outside of the bone marrow, frequently the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes.

Question 6

Thalassemia

Answer 6

A type of microcytic anemia characterized by high reticulocyte count.

Question 7

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 7

Characterized by schistocytes and thrombocytopenia with anemia.

Question 8

G6PD Deficiency

Answer 8

Characterized by “bite” cells and Heinz bodies. Caused by oxidative stress (infection, drugs, certain foods), cross binding, and protein deposition.

Question 9

Spherocytosis

Answer 9

Characterized by spherical RBCs (spherocytes). Hereditary.