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HEME II Exam 1 > Anemias > Flashcards

Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

Decreased Production
Decreased Hgb Synthesis
Iron deficiency
Cause

A

Dietary decrease in body stores of iron (loss, hemolysis, ect)

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2
Q

Decreased Production
Decreased Hgb Synthesis
Iron deficiency
Findings

A 
Hypochromic
Microcytic
Aniso
Poik
Elliptocytes
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3
Q

Decreased Production
Decreased Hgb Synthesis
Refractory Anemia with Ringer Sideroblasts (RARS)
Cause

A

Heriditary: sex linked autosomal recessive
Acquired: Primary myelodysplasia; Secondary: toxins (lead, alcohol, drugs)

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4
Q

Decreased Production
Decreased Hgb Synthesis
Refractory Anemia with Ringer Sideroblasts (RARS)
Findings

A 
Ringed sideroblasts (M)
Lead - Basophilic stippling
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5
Q

Decreased Production
Decreased DNA Synthesis
Megaloblastic Anemia
Cause

A

B 12 DEFICIENCY(dietary, malabsorption, gastrectomy, diphyllobothrum)
Other disorders (Hemydyalisis, HIV/AIDS)
Drugs/Alcohol
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
Dietary (pregnancy)
Malabsorption (Tropical sprue, gluten sensitive)
Drug induced

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6
Q

Decreased Production
Decreased DNA Synthesis
Megaloblastic Anemia
Findings

A 
Oval macrocytes
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Pancytopenia
Asynchrony Elliptocytes
Nearly immediate response to IM B12 (12-24 hrs)
Elevated reticulocytes
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7
Q

Decreased Production
Stem Cell Failure
Aplastic Anemia
Cause

A 
ACQUIRED (most common)
Primarily idopathic
Secondary marrow damage from toxins (radiation)
CONGENITAL
Fanconi anemia
Dyskeratosis congenital 
Dyserythropoetic CDA
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8
Q

Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Membrane Defects
Causes

A

Jaundice
Anemia
Spenomegaly

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9
Q

Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Membrane Defects
Findings

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis
Elliptocytosis
Stomatocytosis (+ macrocytes)
Pyropoikilocytosis (+fragments, elliptocytes)
Southeast Asian ovalocytes (very common, asymptomatic)

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10
Q

Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Enzyme Dificiencies
Causes

A

G-6-PD (most common)
Pyruvate kinase (decreased ability to produce ATP)
Methemoglobin reductase
Pyrimidine-5 nucleotidase

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11
Q 
Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Enzyme Dificiencies
G-6-PD 
Findings
A

None

Most patients never know

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12
Q 
Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Enzyme Dificiencies
Pyruvate kinase
Findings
A

Normochromic

Occasional spiculated cell

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13
Q 
Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Enzyme Dificiencies
Methemoglobin reductase
Findings
A

Cyanosis

Polucythemia

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14
Q 
Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Enzyme Dificiencies
Pyrimidin 5 nucleatidiase
Findings
A

Basophilic Stippling

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15
Q

Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Hemoglobinopathies (abnormal globin chains)
HbC (West Africa)
Cause

A

lysine replaces glutamic acid

HbC Harlem is a douuble substitution

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16
Q

Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Hemoglobinopathies (abnormal globin chains)
HbD
Cause, findings, symptoms

A

Glycine replaces glutamic acid
Target cells
Asymptomatic

17
Q

Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Hemoglobinopathies (abnormal globin chains)
HbE (southeast Asia)
Cause, findings, symptoms

A

Lysine replaces glutamic acid
Target cells, microcytis, hypochromic, indices
Mild anemia, neg tube solubility screen

18
Q

Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Hemoglobinopathies (abnormal globin chains)
HbO (rare, Arab)
Cause, findings, symptoms

A

Lysine replaces glutamic acid
Target cells
Mild, splenolegaly

19
Q

Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Hemoglobinopathies (abnormal globin chains)
HbS (Tropical Africa)
Cause, findings, symptoms

A

Valine replaces glutamic acid (fetal Hgb, no normal beta chains)
Drep, Targ, Polychromasia, Inc RDW
Chronic hemolytic anemia, eythroid hyperplasia
Pos tube solubility screen
Trait Protects Against Malaria

20
Q

Decreased Survival: Hemolytic (increased destruction)
Intracorpuscular defects
Thalassemias (globin chain normal but out of balance)
A
Cause
(Barts Hydrops)

A

Defect in the rate of alpha chain production

Barts Hydrops- complete deleation of genes for alpha chains

HEME II Exam 1 (2 decks)

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