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Biochem II Exam 1 > Anemias > Flashcards

Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

A
  • biconcave, disk-like
  • anuclear
  • 120day lifespan
  • hemoglobin comprises 95% of protein in RBC
  • 70% of body’s iron is in circulating RBCs, 20% stored as ferritin, primarily in liver
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2
Q

what is anemia

A

abnormally low hemoglobin concentration in whole blood - below the reference range

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3
Q

main function of erythrocytes is to

A

transport O2 via hemoglobin

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4
Q

what happens to body when kidneys sense hypoxia?

A

in healthy individuals -> stimulate erythropoiesis
in unhealthy individuals -> inability to respond

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5
Q

response to hypoxia due to RBC loss

A

stimualtes production of 2 million RBCs per second

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6
Q

at the end of RBCs life, they are

A

digested by macrophages in the spleen, liver and bone marrow

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7
Q

dying RBCs must be replaced continuously by erythropoiesis to

A

maintain adequate oxygenation to organs

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8
Q

Erythropoietin is produced in the

A

kidney in response to hypoxia and travels to bone marrow to signal proliferation, maturation and release of RBCs

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9
Q

Erythropoiesis production line

A

pluripotent stem cell –> myeloid stem cell –> BFU-E –> CFU-E –> Proerythroblast –> red blood cell

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10
Q

EPO or erythropoietin signals for

A

proliferation, maturation, and release of RBCs precursors that mature into RBCs

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11
Q

Reticulocytes retain ribosomal network and continue Hb synthesis for

A

4 days

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12
Q

3 days in ___ and 1 day in ___ before maturing into RBCs

A
  • bone marrow
  • circulating blood
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13
Q

healthy adults contain ____ reticulocytes in circulating blood

A

0.5-2%

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14
Q

Reticulocyte production increases in response

A

to blood loss or premature RBC destruction (hemolytic anemias)

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15
Q

requirements for normal response to hypoxia

A
  • responsive bone marrow (stem cells)
  • at least one healthy kidney
  • adequate nutrition to support: hemoglobin synthesis and cell division of erythroid cells
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16
Q

to support adequate hemoglobin synthesis

A

iron, protein

17
Q

to support adequate DNA synthesis and cell division of RBC precursors

A

vitamin B12, folate, protein

18
Q

anemia is present when hemoglobin conc in whole blood is

A

lower than the reference range

19
Q

Anemia symptoms and cause?
pallor of skin in palms, nail beds, face or conjuctiva of eyes

A

decreased RBCs and O2 delivery to peripheral tissues

20
Q

Anemia symptoms and cause?
dizziness

A

decreased RBCs and O2 transport to brain

21
Q

Anemia symptoms and cause?
easily fatigued

A

decreased RBCs and O2 supply to tissues (muscles)

22
Q

Anemia symptoms and cause?
easily fatigued

A

decreased RBCs and O2 supply to tissues (muscles)

23
Q

Causes of anemia

A
  • premature RBC destruction or blood loss
  • insufficient stimulation of erythropoiesis
  • insufficient RBC production
24
Q

peripheral blood smears and stains along with RBC indices form the

A

initial lab assessment of erythropoiesis

25
Q

[RBC] red blood cell concentration (count):

A

number of erythrocytes/RBCs in a given VOLUME OF WHOLE BLOOD

26
Q

[HGB] hemoglobin concentration

A

the conc. of hemoglobin in a GIVEN VOLUME of whole blood

27
Q

[HCT] hematocrit (packed cell volume):

A

the percentage volume of blood that is composed of RBCs

28
Q

Corpuscular indices

A

calculated values to assess RBC morphology and hemoglobin content in classification of anemias

29
Q

anemias characterized as having:

A
  • fewer RBCs that are normal size and have normal HGB content
  • fewer RBCs that are smaller with less HGB
  • fewer RBCs that are larger with more HGB
30
Q

mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is the

A

average volume of circulating RBCs

31
Q

MCV <80 =
MCV 80-100 =
MCV >100 =

A

microcytic
normocytic
macrocytic

32
Q

mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is the

A

quantity of hemoglobin in an average circulating RBC
reference range = 26-32pg

33
Q

mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) is the

A

concentration of hemoglobin in the average circulating RBC
MCHC = (HGB/HCT) * 100 or (MCH/MCV) *100
reference range is 33.4-35.5

34
Q

MCHC < 33.4 =
MCHC 33.4 - 35.5 =

A

hypochromic
normochromic

35
Q

MCH and MCHC generally parallel MCV values bc

A

protein content can impact cell size

36
Q

routinely low MCHC is diagnostic for

A

iron deficiency anemia

37
Q

low MCHC, low MCV =

A

microcytic, hypochromic

38
Q

MCHC is normal in B12/folate deficiency anemia

A

RBCs become larger due to continued HGB production
MCH will be high
MCHC is in ref. range bc cell volume increases proportionately; fewer but larger RBCs

Biochem II Exam 1 (1 decks)

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