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HEMATOLOGY 1 > ANEMIA PART 1 > Flashcards

ANEMIA PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

found in: thalassemia & severe iron deficiency anemia

A

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC

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2
Q

means without blood

A

Anaimia

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3
Q

Causes of Anemia

A

› Destruction of RBC
› Blood loss
› End-stage renal disease
› Metabolic disorders

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4
Q

Skin : Physical Examination of Anemia

A

Palor/Pale, Jaundice & Petechiae

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5
Q

Enzyme deficiency

A

a. G6PD deficiency
b. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
c. Porphyria - problem in heme synthesis

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6
Q

Membrane Defect : Intracorpuscular Abnormality

A

a. hereditary spherocytosis
b. hereditary elliptocytosis
c. hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
d. hereditary stomatocytosis
e. hereditary acanthocytosis
f. hereditary Rh null disease

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7
Q

decrease of all erythrocyte indices: MCV, MCH & MCHC

A

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC

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8
Q

Chemical and Physical Agents under Extracorpuscular Abnormalities

A

drugs, toxins & burns

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9
Q

Anemia due to Blood Loss

A
  1. Acute post hemorrhagic anemia
  2. Chronic post hemorrhagic anemia
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10
Q

Laboratory Test for Anemia Assessment

A
  1. CBC
  2. Reticulocyte count
  3. Peripheral smear
  4. Bone marrow examination
  5. Iron studies
  6. Blood Chemistry (KFT, LFT)
  7. Urinalysis
  8. Fecalysis
  9. Hematological special test procedures
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11
Q

Enzyme Deficiency

A

a. G6PD deficiency
b. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
c. Porphyria

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12
Q

decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

A

ANEMIA (functional definition)

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13
Q

Anemia Due to Decreased Production of RBC (9 possible answers)

A
  1. Iron Deficiency Anemia
  2. Anemia due to Chronic Inflammation
  3. Sideroblastic Anemia
  4. Megaloblastic Anemia
  5. Aplastic Anemia
  6. Thalassemia
  7. Anemia due to Chronic Renal Failure
  8. Anemia due to Endocrine Disorder
  9. Anemia due to Marrow Infiltration
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14
Q

Infection under Extracorpuscular Abnormality

A
  1. Malaria
  2. Babesia
  3. Bartonella
  4. Ehrlichia
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15
Q

Globin Abnormalities

A

Hemoglobinopathies
(Hb SS, CC, SC)

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16
Q

Mechanical Extracorpuscular Abnormality

A

a. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)
1. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
2. hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
b. Traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia

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17
Q

Morphological Classification of Anemia

A
  1. Microcytic hypochromic anemia
  2. Macrocytic normochromic anemia
  3. Normocytic normochromic anemia
18
Q

Increased need of iron

A
  1. infancy, childhood, adolescence
  2. pregnancy
19
Q

Causes of chronic blood loss

A
  1. Heavy menstrual bleeding
  2. GI bleeding from ulcers or tumors
  3. Urinary tract with kidney stones
  4. Iatrogenic cause
20
Q

Koilonychia, a condition also
referred to as

A

Spoon-shaped nails

21
Q

can result in a painless, smooth,
shiny, and reddened tongue

A

Iron deficiency

22
Q

develop when the incorporation of iron
into heme is blocked.

A

Sideroblastic Anemia

23
Q

due to a congenital enzyme defect delta
amino-levulinic acid synthetase or heme
synthetase

A

Hereditary Sideroblastic Anemia

24
Q

due to somatic mutation of the erythroid
progenitor cells that cause either defects in heme synthesis or defects in DNA synthesis

A

Primary Acquired Sideroblastic Anemia

25
Q

interferes with iron storage in the mitochondria.

A

Lead

26
Q

damages the activity of enzymes used for heme synthesis (basophilic stippling)

A

Lead (Lead Poisoning)

27
Q

Rare disease caused by
accumulation of porphyrins in
developing RBC’s

A

Porphyria

28
Q

Characterized by dermal
photosensitivity and rash caused
by the sun. The original werewolf
was probably a person with?

A

erythropoietic prophyria

29
Q

inherited disorders caused by genetic
alterations that reduce or preclude the
synthesis of the globin chains of
hemoglobin tetramer.

A

Thalassemia

30
Q

Types of Thalassemia

A
  1. Beta (β) Thalassemia
  2. Alpha (α) Thalassemia
  3. Hereditary Persistence of Hb F (HPHF)
  4. Hemoglobin Lepore
  5. Hemoglobinopathy + Thalassemia
31
Q

a rare class of thalassemia caused by crossing over of beta and delta genes.

A

Hemoglobin Repore

32
Q

it is a double heterozygous abnormality

A

Hemoglobin S-Thalassemia

33
Q

differentiates hemoglobin variants

A

Electrophoresis

34
Q

shows Hb H inclusions

A

Supravital Stain

35
Q

disorder in the DNA synthesis of RBC
& the maturation of nucleus is delayed
relative to that of cytoplasm

A

Megaloblastic Anemia

36
Q

2 types of Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Pernicious anemia & Folic Acid Deficiency

37
Q

anemia caused by conditions such as alocholism & chronic liver disease

A

Non-megaloblastic Anemia

38
Q

mediated by antibody with maximum binding affinity at 37°C

A

Warm-Reactive Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

39
Q

mediated by antibody with maximum binding affinity at 4°C or below 32°C

A

Cold-Reactive Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

40
Q

caused by an antibody (Donath-Landsteiner antibody) present in the plasma

A

Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH)

HEMATOLOGY 1 (2 decks)

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