ANEMIA PART 1

Question 1

found in: thalassemia & severe iron deficiency anemia

Answer 1

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC

Question 2

means without blood

Answer 2

Anaimia

Question 3

Causes of Anemia

Answer 3

› Destruction of RBC
› Blood loss
› End-stage renal disease
› Metabolic disorders

Question 4

Skin : Physical Examination of Anemia

Answer 4

Palor/Pale, Jaundice & Petechiae

Question 5

Enzyme deficiency

Answer 5

a. G6PD deficiency
b. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
c. Porphyria - problem in heme synthesis

Question 6

Membrane Defect : Intracorpuscular Abnormality

Answer 6

a. hereditary spherocytosis
b. hereditary elliptocytosis
c. hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
d. hereditary stomatocytosis
e. hereditary acanthocytosis
f. hereditary Rh null disease

Question 7

decrease of all erythrocyte indices: MCV, MCH & MCHC

Answer 7

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC

Question 8

Chemical and Physical Agents under Extracorpuscular Abnormalities

Answer 8

drugs, toxins & burns

Question 9

Anemia due to Blood Loss

Answer 9

1. Acute post hemorrhagic anemia
2. Chronic post hemorrhagic anemia

Question 10

Laboratory Test for Anemia Assessment

Answer 10

1. CBC
2. Reticulocyte count
3. Peripheral smear
4. Bone marrow examination
5. Iron studies
6. Blood Chemistry (KFT, LFT)
7. Urinalysis
8. Fecalysis
9. Hematological special test procedures

Question 11

Enzyme Deficiency

Answer 11

a. G6PD deficiency
b. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
c. Porphyria

Question 12

decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

Answer 12

ANEMIA (functional definition)

Question 13

Anemia Due to Decreased Production of RBC (9 possible answers)

Answer 13

1. Iron Deficiency Anemia
2. Anemia due to Chronic Inflammation
3. Sideroblastic Anemia
4. Megaloblastic Anemia
5. Aplastic Anemia
6. Thalassemia
7. Anemia due to Chronic Renal Failure
8. Anemia due to Endocrine Disorder
9. Anemia due to Marrow Infiltration

Question 14

Infection under Extracorpuscular Abnormality

Answer 14

1. Malaria
2. Babesia
3. Bartonella
4. Ehrlichia

Question 15

Globin Abnormalities

Answer 15

Hemoglobinopathies
(Hb SS, CC, SC)

Question 16

Mechanical Extracorpuscular Abnormality

Answer 16

a. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)
1. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
2. hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
b. Traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia

Question 17

Morphological Classification of Anemia

Answer 17

1. Microcytic hypochromic anemia
2. Macrocytic normochromic anemia
3. Normocytic normochromic anemia

Question 18

Increased need of iron

Answer 18

1. infancy, childhood, adolescence
2. pregnancy

Question 19

Causes of chronic blood loss

Answer 19

1. Heavy menstrual bleeding
2. GI bleeding from ulcers or tumors
3. Urinary tract with kidney stones
4. Iatrogenic cause

Question 20

Koilonychia, a condition also
referred to as

Answer 20

Spoon-shaped nails

Question 21

can result in a painless, smooth,
shiny, and reddened tongue

Answer 21

Iron deficiency

Question 22

develop when the incorporation of iron
into heme is blocked.

Answer 22

Sideroblastic Anemia

Question 23

due to a congenital enzyme defect delta
amino-levulinic acid synthetase or heme
synthetase

Answer 23

Hereditary Sideroblastic Anemia

Question 24

due to somatic mutation of the erythroid
progenitor cells that cause either defects in heme synthesis or defects in DNA synthesis

Answer 24

Primary Acquired Sideroblastic Anemia

Question 25

interferes with iron storage in the mitochondria.

Answer 25

Lead

Question 26

damages the activity of enzymes used for heme synthesis (basophilic stippling)

Answer 26

Lead (Lead Poisoning)

Question 27

Rare disease caused by accumulation of porphyrins in developing RBC’s

Answer 27

Porphyria

Question 28

Characterized by dermal photosensitivity and rash caused by the sun. The original werewolf was probably a person with?

Answer 28

erythropoietic prophyria

Question 29

inherited disorders caused by genetic alterations that reduce or preclude the synthesis of the globin chains of hemoglobin tetramer.

Answer 29

Thalassemia

Question 30

Types of Thalassemia

Answer 30

1. Beta (β) Thalassemia 2. Alpha (α) Thalassemia 3. Hereditary Persistence of Hb F (HPHF) 4. Hemoglobin Lepore 5. Hemoglobinopathy + Thalassemia

Question 31

a rare class of thalassemia caused by crossing over of beta and delta genes.

Answer 31

Hemoglobin Repore

Question 32

it is a double heterozygous abnormality

Answer 32

Hemoglobin S-Thalassemia

Question 33

differentiates hemoglobin variants

Answer 33

Electrophoresis

Question 34

shows Hb H inclusions

Answer 34

Supravital Stain

Question 35

disorder in the DNA synthesis of RBC & the maturation of nucleus is delayed relative to that of cytoplasm

Answer 35

Megaloblastic Anemia

Question 36

2 types of Megaloblastic Anemia

Answer 36

Pernicious anemia & Folic Acid Deficiency

Question 37

anemia caused by conditions such as alocholism & chronic liver disease

Answer 37

Non-megaloblastic Anemia

Question 38

mediated by antibody with maximum binding affinity at 37°C

Answer 38

Warm-Reactive Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Question 39

mediated by antibody with maximum binding affinity at 4°C or below 32°C

Answer 39

Cold-Reactive Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Question 40

caused by an antibody (Donath-Landsteiner antibody) present in the plasma

Answer 40

Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH)