Anemia (Normocytic) Flashcards
Reduction or cessation of blood cell production affecting one or more cell lines
BONE MARROW FAILURE
Rare but potentially fatal bone marrow failure
Aplastic Anemia
Aplastic Anemia symptoms:
P____
Reticulocyto____
____ Bone Marrow
Pancytopenia
Reticulocytopenia
Hypocellular
Hypocellular Bone Marrow
Low CD____ cells under flow cytometry
CD34
Acquired Aplastic Anemia type:
(70% of cases)
Idiopathic
Acquired Aplastic Anemia type:
(10-15% of cases)
Secondary
Acquired Aplastic Anemia Secondary:
Associated with exposure to certain drugs (most commonly _____), chemicals (commonly prolonged exposure to ____), ______, _____
chloramphenicol
benzene
radiation
infections
T or F
Idiopathic Acquired Aplastic Anemia
Able to suppress the bone marrow in a predictable, dose-dependent manner
F
Secondary Acquired Aplastic Anemia
Types of Aplastic Anemia:
(15-20% of cases)
Inherited Aplastic Anemia
A chromosome instability disorder characterized by aplastic anemia, physical abnormalities, and cancer susceptibility
Fanconi Anemia
Characterized by mucocutaneous abnormalities, Bone Marrow failure, and pancytopenia
Dyskeratosis congenita
Triad of Dyskeratosis congenita:
Abnormal skin pigmentation
Dystrophic nails
Oral leukoplakia
Multisystem disorder characterized by pancreatic insufficiency, cytopenia, skeletal abnormalities, and a predisposition for hematologic malignancies
Shwachman Bodian-Diamond Syndrome
Rare disorder of erythropoiesis by a severe decrease in erythroid precursors in bone marrow
Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Pure Red Cell Aplasia:
3 Lab Findings:
______ in the Bone marrow
Reticulo____
_____ WBC and Platelet count
Erythroid hypoplasia
Reticulocytopenia
Normal
Types of PRCA:
- Idiopathic or immune
- Secondary—assoc. with malignancy or exposure to chemicals
- Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC)
Acquired PRCA
Types of PRCA:
- Autosomal dominant inheritance
- Erythroid hypoplasia of early infancy
- Physical anomalies, craniofacial dysmorphisms, short stature, and neck and thumb malformations.
- Congenital Form
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA)
Family of inherited refractory anemias characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and marrow erythroid multinuclearity
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia:
3 Lab findings:
_____ Bone Marrow
_____ in Bone Marrow erythroblasts
_____ WBC and Platelet Count
- Hypercellular
- Dysplastic changes
- Normal
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia types:
Presence of spongy chromatin of erythroblasts. “Swiss-cheese”
appearance
CDA I
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia types:
- most common subtype known as HEMPAS
- Hereditary Erythroblastic Multinuclearity with Positive Acidified Serum
CDA II
CDA II:
Ham’s Acidified Serum test:
Sucrose Hemolysis test:
Positive
Negative
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia types:
Least common subtype
CDA III
- Infiltration of tumor cells in the BM coming from tumors of lungs, breast, or prostate
- Cytokines and growth factors from tumor cells cause reduction of stem cells
Myelophthisic anemia
Myelophthisic anemia:
Blood smear:
- Dacryocytes
- Nucleated RBCs and immature myeloid cells /Leukoeryhroblastosis
- Megakaryocyte fragments
Myelophthisic anemia:
____ will show infiltrating tumor cells
Bone Marrow biopsy
Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease/Renal Failure
Root cause:
Inadequate EPO production
T or F
Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease/Renal Failure:
Uremia causes increased RBC fragility
T
Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease/Renal Failure:
Lab findings:
Reticulocyto____
Presence of _____
- Reticulocytopenia
- Echinocytes/Burr cells
