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Vis Dis > anemia/leukemia review > Flashcards

anemia/leukemia review Flashcards

1
Q

what do you look for on a CBC to decide if there is an anemia???????

A

RBC
HgB
HcT

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2
Q

Normal RBC, HgB, HcT means?

A

normal not anemic.. did i really need to note card that?

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3
Q

High RBC, HgB, HcT means?

A

polycythemia

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4
Q

Low RBC and/or HgB, and/or HcT means?

A

anemia

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5
Q

anemias are classified by?

A

cell size and color

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6
Q

what is color a measure of?

A

HgB content

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7
Q

how do you determine cell size and color?

A

the RBC indices of
MCV
MCH
MCHC

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8
Q

what does MCV determine?

A

cell size

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9
Q

what does MCH and MCHC determine?

A

color (HgB)

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10
Q

decreased MCV is what?

A

microcyctic anemia

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11
Q

normal MCV is what?

A

Normocyctic anemia

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12
Q

increased MCV is what?

A

Macrocyctic anemia

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13
Q

decreased MCH/MCHC means?

A

Hypochromic anemia

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14
Q

normal MCH/MCHC means?

A

normochromic anemia

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15
Q

increased MCH/MCHC means?

A

Hyperchromic anemia

aka Polychromasia

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16
Q

Most Common anemia in world?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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17
Q

Most Common anemia based on cell size?

A

Microcyctic

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18
Q

Most common Microcytic anemia is?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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19
Q

Most common etiology of IDA is?

A

chronic blood loss

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20
Q

Most common caus eof chronic blood loss is from?

A

GI tract chronic blood loss

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21
Q

Diff Dx for an anemia with Decreased MCV, Decreased MCHC, and Decreased MCH?

A

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemias

  1. IDA “MC”
  2. CBL Chronic Blood loss “basically IDA”
  3. Thalassemia
  4. ACD/ARD With kidney disease
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22
Q

what things will help with the Diff Dx of the MCHC Anemias?

A 
History
Clinical presentation
Morphology
Nationality
Iron Parameters
X-rays (hemolytic, skull with hair on ends)
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23
Q

what are the Iron Parameters used?

A

TIBC ( the best way to Diff Dx MCHC anemias)
Iron
Ferritin

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24
Q

TIBC levels would do what for IDA?

A

increase

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25
Q

TIBC levels would do what for CBL?

A

increase remember its basically an IDA

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26
Q

TIBC levels would do what for ACD?

A

decrease

27
Q

TIBC levels would do what for Thalassemia?

A

be normal

28
Q

TIBC levels would be what for ARD?

A

Decreased (basically a specialized ACD)

29
Q

Diff Dx for an anemia with Normal MCV, Normal MCH, and Normal MCHC?

A

Normocyctic Normochromic Anemias

  1. Hemolytic anemias/ sickle cell anemia
  2. Acute blood loss anemia
  3. Aplastic anemia
  4. ACD
  5. Acute renal disease
30
Q

an anemia with increased MCV and normal MCH/MCHC?

A

macrocytic normochromic

31
Q

an anemia with increased MCV and increased MCH/MCHC?

A

macrocytic hyperchromic aka Polychromasia

32
Q

what type of anemia would have deficiency of B12 or Folic acid as Diff Dx?

A

Megaloblastic Anemias

33
Q

liver disease and alcoholism would be Diff Dx for what type of anemias?

A

Nonmegaloblastic anemias

34
Q

what is the most common macrocytic anemia?

A

Megaloblastic

35
Q

before considering the Nonmegaloblastic anemia you should include/exclude which anemia?

A

megaloblastic!!!!!

36
Q

what things could you to narrow down your Diff DX for Macrocytic anemias?

A

history
clinical presentation
vitamin assay
bone marrow biopsy

37
Q

what is pernicious anemia?

A

a B12 deficiency anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factro

38
Q

what do 1/4 of pernicious anemia patients die from?

A

1/4 die from stomach cancer

39
Q

what is normal for WBC?

A

5-10

40
Q

what is less than 5 WBC usually caused by?

A

A VIRUS!!!!!

41
Q

10-18 WBC is most commonly due to?

A

Bacterial Infection/inflammation

42
Q

20-30 WBC with S/S of abdominal complaint would most likely be due to?

A

HOT Abdomen….

PERITONITIS
PANCREATITIS
DIVERTICULITIS
basically ITIS’ of the abdomen

43
Q

30-50(20-50) WBC most likely due to?

A

Leukemoid reaction or Leukemia

(most likely Chronic Leukemia)

44
Q

Greater than 50 WBC is likely a?

A

Leukemia

45
Q

Segs Primarily respond to?

A

Bacteria

46
Q

Bands primarily respond to?

A

Bacteria

47
Q

Lymphocytes primarily respond to?

A

Viral

48
Q

Eosinophils premarily respond to?

A

parasites and allergies

49
Q

Basophils primarily respond to?

A

hypersensitivities/allergic

50
Q

Monocytes respond to help?

A

neutrophils

51
Q

an increase in immature cells is called a?

A

shift to the left

52
Q

how are Leukemias classified?

A 
acute 
OR
chronic
OR
predominate cell 
OR 
significant cell 
OR
major immature cell types
53
Q

presence of Blasts and/or Pros would be what leukemia?

A

acute leukemia

54
Q

absence of blasts and pros would be what leukemia?

A

chronic leukemia

55
Q

what are the bone marrow cells that should remain in the marrow?

A 
metas
myelos
pros
blasts 
stem cells
56
Q

meta, myelos, pros, and blasts listed on a differential belong in what group unless designated by a number?

A

neutrophils/segs

57
Q

L-Blasts will become?

A

lymphocytes

58
Q

L-Pros will become?

A

lymphocytes

59
Q

B-Blasts and B-Metas will become?

A

Basophils

60
Q

if you have greater than 50,000 WBC and 5 meta, 5 myelos, 5 pros, and 5 blasts then you have?

A

AML

61
Q

> 50,000 WBC and 5 E-metas, 5 E-Myelos, 5 E-pros, 5 E-blasts?

A

AEL

62
Q

> 50,000 WBC and 5 L-Blasts you would have?

A

ALL

63
Q

neutrophilic leukemoid reaction resemble?

A

CML

64
Q

lymphocytic leukemoid reactions resemble?

A

CLL

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