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anemia/leukemia review Flashcards

1
Q

what do you look for on a CBC to decide if there is an anemia???????

A

RBC
HgB
HcT

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2
Q

Normal RBC, HgB, HcT means?

A

normal not anemic.. did i really need to note card that?

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3
Q

High RBC, HgB, HcT means?

A

polycythemia

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4
Q

Low RBC and/or HgB, and/or HcT means?

A

anemia

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5
Q

anemias are classified by?

A

cell size and color

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6
Q

what is color a measure of?

A

HgB content

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7
Q

how do you determine cell size and color?

A

the RBC indices of
MCV
MCH
MCHC

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8
Q

what does MCV determine?

A

cell size

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9
Q

what does MCH and MCHC determine?

A

color (HgB)

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10
Q

decreased MCV is what?

A

microcyctic anemia

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11
Q

normal MCV is what?

A

Normocyctic anemia

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12
Q

increased MCV is what?

A

Macrocyctic anemia

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13
Q

decreased MCH/MCHC means?

A

Hypochromic anemia

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14
Q

normal MCH/MCHC means?

A

normochromic anemia

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15
Q

increased MCH/MCHC means?

A

Hyperchromic anemia

aka Polychromasia

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16
Q

Most Common anemia in world?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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17
Q

Most Common anemia based on cell size?

A

Microcyctic

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18
Q

Most common Microcytic anemia is?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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19
Q

Most common etiology of IDA is?

A

chronic blood loss

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20
Q

Most common caus eof chronic blood loss is from?

A

GI tract chronic blood loss

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21
Q

Diff Dx for an anemia with Decreased MCV, Decreased MCHC, and Decreased MCH?

A

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemias

  1. IDA “MC”
  2. CBL Chronic Blood loss “basically IDA”
  3. Thalassemia
  4. ACD/ARD With kidney disease
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22
Q

what things will help with the Diff Dx of the MCHC Anemias?

A 
History
Clinical presentation
Morphology
Nationality
Iron Parameters
X-rays (hemolytic, skull with hair on ends)
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23
Q

what are the Iron Parameters used?

A

TIBC ( the best way to Diff Dx MCHC anemias)
Iron
Ferritin

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24
Q

TIBC levels would do what for IDA?

A

increase

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25
TIBC levels would do what for CBL?
increase remember its basically an IDA
26
TIBC levels would do what for ACD?
decrease
27
TIBC levels would do what for Thalassemia?
be normal
28
TIBC levels would be what for ARD?
Decreased (basically a specialized ACD)
29
Diff Dx for an anemia with Normal MCV, Normal MCH, and Normal MCHC?
Normocyctic Normochromic Anemias 1. Hemolytic anemias/ sickle cell anemia 2. Acute blood loss anemia 3. Aplastic anemia 4. ACD 5. Acute renal disease
30
an anemia with increased MCV and normal MCH/MCHC?
macrocytic normochromic
31
an anemia with increased MCV and increased MCH/MCHC?
macrocytic hyperchromic aka Polychromasia
32
what type of anemia would have deficiency of B12 or Folic acid as Diff Dx?
Megaloblastic Anemias
33
liver disease and alcoholism would be Diff Dx for what type of anemias?
Nonmegaloblastic anemias
34
what is the most common macrocytic anemia?
Megaloblastic
35
before considering the Nonmegaloblastic anemia you should include/exclude which anemia?
megaloblastic!!!!!
36
what things could you to narrow down your Diff DX for Macrocytic anemias?
history clinical presentation vitamin assay bone marrow biopsy
37
what is pernicious anemia?
a B12 deficiency anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factro
38
what do 1/4 of pernicious anemia patients die from?
1/4 die from stomach cancer
39
what is normal for WBC?
5-10
40
what is less than 5 WBC usually caused by?
A VIRUS!!!!!
41
10-18 WBC is most commonly due to?
Bacterial Infection/inflammation
42
20-30 WBC with S/S of abdominal complaint would most likely be due to?
HOT Abdomen.... PERITONITIS PANCREATITIS DIVERTICULITIS basically ITIS' of the abdomen
43
30-50(20-50) WBC most likely due to?
Leukemoid reaction or Leukemia | (most likely Chronic Leukemia)
44
Greater than 50 WBC is likely a?
Leukemia
45
Segs Primarily respond to?
Bacteria
46
Bands primarily respond to?
Bacteria
47
Lymphocytes primarily respond to?
Viral
48
Eosinophils premarily respond to?
parasites and allergies
49
Basophils primarily respond to?
hypersensitivities/allergic
50
Monocytes respond to help?
neutrophils
51
an increase in immature cells is called a?
shift to the left
52
how are Leukemias classified?
``` acute OR chronic OR predominate cell OR significant cell OR major immature cell types ```
53
presence of Blasts and/or Pros would be what leukemia?
acute leukemia
54
absence of blasts and pros would be what leukemia?
chronic leukemia
55
what are the bone marrow cells that should remain in the marrow?
``` metas myelos pros blasts stem cells ```
56
meta, myelos, pros, and blasts listed on a differential belong in what group unless designated by a number?
neutrophils/segs
57
L-Blasts will become?
lymphocytes
58
L-Pros will become?
lymphocytes
59
B-Blasts and B-Metas will become?
Basophils
60
if you have greater than 50,000 WBC and 5 meta, 5 myelos, 5 pros, and 5 blasts then you have?
AML
61
> 50,000 WBC and 5 E-metas, 5 E-Myelos, 5 E-pros, 5 E-blasts?
AEL
62
> 50,000 WBC and 5 L-Blasts you would have?
ALL
63
neutrophilic leukemoid reaction resemble?
CML
64
lymphocytic leukemoid reactions resemble?
CLL

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