Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia work-up

1. Acute vs Chronic?

A

Hemodynamic stability
Timeline of symptoms
Previous CBC
Overt blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of acute anemia?

A

Acute hemolysis or bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reticulocytes in acute vs chronic anemia?

A

Acute anemia - increased reticulocyte

Chronic anemia - variable, depends on cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal reticulocyte count

A

If greater than 100 x 10^9/L, marrow is responding with increased RBC production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Significance of peripheral “nercs” or nucleated erythrocytes or orthochromatic normoblast

A

BM working crazy overtime to keep up with a bad bleed or hemolysis
OR
BM is so crowded with abnormal cells like leukemia that it’s squeezed some immature cells into peripheral blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If chronic, next question is MCV

What is a normal MCV range?

A

80 - 100 fL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Causes of microcytic anemia

A
  • iron deficiency
  • thalassemia trait
  • anemia of chronic disease
  • sideroblastic anemia (rare)
  • lead poisoning (rare)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cut-off for ferritin in iron deficiency?

A

less than 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to diagnose thalassemia trait?

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of normocytic anemia

A
  • acute blood loss
  • hemolysis (acute or chronic)
  • anemia of chronic disease
    • chronic inflammation: RA, sLE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of normocytic anemia

A

Often multifactorial

  • acute blood loss (not yet iron deficient)
  • hemolysis (acute or chronic)
  • anemia of chronic disease
    • chronic inflammation: RA, SLE
    • chronic infection: TB, SBE, abscess
    • malignancy
  • anemia of renal failure
  • liver failure
  • endocrinopathies (addison’s, hypothyroidism, hypogonadotropic states)
  • early iron deficiency
  • pregnancy (plasma up)
  • BM disorders - primary (leukemia) or secondary - malignancy, TB infecting BM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mechanism of anemia of chronic disease

A

Chronic inflammation causes problems with iron metabolism

  • decreases ability of body to absorb iron from diet
  • decreases ability to use iron in storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Spherocytes

A

Loss of central pallor of the RBCs
RBC has lost pieces of its membrane
Membrane to volume ratio has gone down
Shape changes from biconcave disk to sphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hemolytic anemia - what are the two components of diagnosis?

A
  1. Increased production (elevated retics, BM erythroid hyperplasia)
  2. RBC destruction (increased indirect bili, increased LDH, decreased haptoglobin, free Hb in plasma) +/- hemoglobinuria, positive direct antiglobulin test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Main test to do in hemolytic anemia

A

Peripheral smear - points you in the right direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Direct Anti-globulin Test (DAT) do?

A

For hemolytic anemia.
Tests if there are auto-antibodies on RBCs.. add anti-IgG antibodies, they clump in the test tube if there are auto-antibodies.

17
Q

Features of oxidative hemolysis on peripheral smear

A

Heinz bodies - Hb clumps together –> hemolytic anemia

Bite cells - spleen dislikes hb clumps, macrophages bite it off

Blister cell - like a bite but can still see the membrane

18
Q

Sign of liver disease on smear

A

Spur cells or acanthocytes.. rarely can be a sign of lipid metabolism problems (hemolytic anemia)

19
Q

Microspherocytes

A

Caused by burn trauma - membrane gets heated up, melts, leads to small spherocytes (hemolytic anemia)

20
Q

Macro-ovalocytes

A

Huge RBCs - B12 deficiency

Also hypersegmented neutrophil

21
Q

Daily requirement of cobalamin/B12

A

0.1 micrograms
Body stores: 2-4 mg
Source - animal products (meat, eggs, milk, cheese)
GI problems can cause issues with absorption despite adequate intake

22
Q

Folic acid daily requirement

A

50 mcg
Mostly from uncooked fruits and vegetables
All grains in Canada are supplemented

23
Q

Normal Hb level - adult male

A

130 - 180 g/L

24
Q

Normal Hb level - adult female

A

115 - 165 g/L

Hematology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions