Anemia

Question 1

what is Hct

Answer 1

packed red cell volume, %

Question 2

what is MCV

Answer 2

avg size of a RBC, fl

Question 3

what is MCH

Answer 3

avg amnt/mass of Hb in a RBC

Question 4

RDW

Answer 4

coefficient of variation of RBC volume; variation in cell size

Question 5

Which part of RBC index helps classify anemia

Answer 5

Reticulocyte count

Question 6

What is a reticulocyte

Answer 6

young RBC w/ residual RNA

Question 7

how does reticulocyte show on smear

Answer 7

polychromasia

Question 8

reticulocyte count in ptns w/ normal renal and BM function is

Answer 8

increased

Question 9

Anemia is a sign of what?

Answer 9

underlying disorder

not a diagnosis in intself

Question 10

what is a hemorrhage

Answer 10

depletion of RBC

Question 11

what is hemolysis

Answer 11

excessive destruction of rbc

Question 12

abnormal RBC is due to

Answer 12

factor deficiency - vit B12, folate, iron

Question 13

Marrow disease can lead to ____ of rbc

Answer 13

underproduction of rbc

Question 14

microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Answer 14

Iron deficiency
thalassemias

dec MCV, MCH, MCHC

Question 15

Normocytic, normochromic anemia

Answer 15

Acute blood loss
assoc w/ chronic disease

normal MCV, MCH, MCHC

Question 16

Macrocytic anemia

Answer 16

Vit B12 and folate deficiency

Inc MCV, variable MCH and MCHC

Question 17

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 17

microcytic, hypochromic, anisopoikilocytosis

dec MCV, MCH, MCHC
inc RDW

Question 18

why do you see dec MCV in iron deficiency anemia

Answer 18

extra division during maturation

Question 19

major cause of microcytic anemia and common cause of thrombocytosis

Answer 19

iron deficiency

Question 20

Chronic blood loss leads to

Answer 20

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 21

deficient iron can cause what

Answer 21

defect in Hb production

needed for formation of heme

Question 22

how is iron excreted

Answer 22

lost through exfoliated skin/mucosal cells

• no natural mechanism of excretion
• absorption and loss is balanced (normally)

Question 23

Iron cycle is controlled by which 3 proteins

Answer 23

• transferrin
• transferrin receptor
• ferritin

Question 24

where is transferrin found and what does it do

Answer 24

transports iron in blood after its absorbed in the duodenum

Question 25

what binds iron for storage in cells and circulation

Answer 25

ferritin

Question 26

what is the major cause of IDA men and postmenopausal women

Answer 26

occult gastrointestinal bleeding due to colonic adenocarcinoma

Question 27

Clinical sx for IDA

Answer 27

pallor
koilonychia - spoon nails
esophageal webs
pagophagia, pica

Question 28

calculation of transferrin saturation

Answer 28

[Fe]/TIBC

TIBC: total iron binding capacity

Question 29

anemia of chronic disease is common in

Answer 29

hospitalized patients

Question 30

RBCs of patients w/ Anemia of chronic disease have ______. why?

Answer 30

shortened life span

inc phagocytosis
factors released by damaged tissues
physical damage to cells during passage thru tissues

Question 31

BM unable to compensate for anemia due to

Answer 31

suppression of BM response to erythropoietin by inflammatory cytokines: TNF and IL-1

defective reutilization of iron salvaged from old RBC

Question 32

Iron is sequestered in

Answer 32

phagocytes

Question 33

what is the effect of inflammatory cytokines on uptake of iron

Answer 33

inc phagocytic uptake of iron

Question 34

Serum ferritin in IDA vs ACD? BM iron stores?

Answer 34

low in IDA

high in ACD

Question 35

Chronic diseases associated w/ Anemia

Answer 35

• renal failure
• DM, inflammation, cancer
• Alcoholism

Question 36

What is the lipoprotein abnormality seen with alcoholism in ACD called?

Answer 36

Acanthocytes