Anemia

Question 1

DD for microcytic hypochromic anemia

Answer 1

Iron deficiency anemia , thalassemia
sideroblastic anemia , chronic lead poisoning
Anemia of chronic dis can be microcytic

Question 2

DD for normocytic normochromic anemia

Answer 2

Aplastic anemia , Chronic kidney disease
Acute blood loss , Anemia of chronic dis
Hemolytic anemia except thalassemia

Question 3

DD for macrocytic anemia

Answer 3

Megaloblastic: B12 and folic acid
Non megaloblastic:
hypothyroidism
Hemolytic crises with increased retics
Liver disease alcohol intake

Question 4

Symptoms and signs of anemia

Answer 4

Symp: Fatigue faintness angina , headache breathlessness palpitations
Signs: Pallor systolic hemic murmur tachycardia heart failure

Question 5

Serum ferritin normal range

Answer 5

15-400 ng/ml or 15-400 ug/L
10-200 ng/ml or 10-200 u/L

Question 6

State Ferritin levels

Answer 6

> 10ng/ml iron def anemia
may reach to thousand with iron overload
1ug/L equivalent to 10 mg iron stored

Question 7

Etiology of iron def anemia

Answer 7

1-Inadequate intake: Infancy , old age , anorexia
2-decreased absorption: phytates
3-increased demand : pregnancy and growing child
4-Chronic blood loss :
Hge esp with Git bleeding
Anklyostoma 0.2ml/d
Vaginal bleeding
Rare causes: hemoptysis or hematuria
5- Intravascular causes: Hemoglobinuria : PNH

Question 8

Features of anemia

Answer 8

Brittle nails loss of lustre , koilonychia
Angular stomatitis , red painful glazy tongue

Question 9

C/P of the cause

Answer 9

Git or vaginal bleeding
Malabsorption $ chronic diarrhea , Anklyostoma
Plummer vinson $ , upper 1/3 esophageal post cricoid web ( dysphagia and splenomegaly )

Question 10

Inv for anemia

Answer 10

To prove anemia dec in Hgb Pcv RBc
To determine the type :