Anemia

Question 1

What is Anemia?

Answer 1

Red blood cell level is low

Question 2

Cause of Anemia? (3 causes)

Answer 2

① Decrease RBC production
② Blood loss
③ Increase RBC destruction

Question 3

Acute interventions for anemia?

Answer 3

① Blood transfusion
② EPO (Erythropoieten) and vitamin supplements
③ Volume replacement
④ Diet changes
⑤ O2 therapy needed due to tissue becoming hypoxic

Question 4

Anemia Gerontological Considerations

Answer 4

Common in older adults due to:

① Chronic disease
② Nutritional deficiency

s/s may go unrecognized or mistaken for normal aging changes.

Question 5

What is the function of RBC’s?

Answer 5

① Transport O2 from lungs to systemic tissues

② Carry CO2 from the tissues to the lungs

Question 6

What does systemic mean?

Answer 6

Affects entire body instead of single organ or part

Question 7

What does localized mean?

Answer 7

At the site

Question 8

Can coronary artery disease (CAD) pts get angina due to anemia?

Answer 8

Yes! Because tissue becomes hypoxic

Question 9

Hypoxemia

Answer 9

Decreased O2 in blood

Question 10

Hypoxia

Answer 10

Decreased O2 in tissue

Question 11

Hypoxic

Answer 11

Of or pertaining to lack of oxygen in the tissues

Ex: pt is hypoxic

Question 12

4 types of Anemia due to decreased RBC production

Answer 12

① Iron deficiency anemia
② Megaloblastic anemia
③ Chronic Disease associated with inflammation (usually mild, WNL)
④ Aplastic anemia(75% idiopathic)

Question 13

What causes iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 13

① Poor diet
② Malabsorption
③ pregnancy

Question 14

What causes Megaloblastic Anemia?

Answer 14

① Vitamin B12 deficiency

② Folic Acid deficiency

Question 15

What causes Anemia of Chronic Disease?

Aka (anemia of inflammation)

Answer 15

Cancer, autoimmune and infectious disorders, HIV, hepatitis, Malaria, HF, Chronic inflammation

Question 16

What causes Aplastic Anemia? (Pancytopenia)

Answer 16

Decrease of ALL blood all types (RBC, WBC, platelets)

Question 17

Iron deficiency anemia 3 severe manifestations:

Answer 17

#1 most common pallor (pale)
#2 glossitis red beefy tongue
#3 cheilitis cracked corners of mouth

•will also report headache, burning tongue, parasthesia’s

Question 18

Iron deficiency general manifestations

Answer 18

Lethargy
Fatigue
Pallor (paleness)
Exertional dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
Sensitive to cold
Palpitations
Bounding pulse

Question 19

Iron defeciency lab draws:

Answer 19

MCV & MCH

Ferritin (stored form of iron 1st to be depleted)

Question 20

Iron-deficiency anemia general manifestations

Answer 20

Lethargy
Pallor
Fatigue
Exertional dyspnea