Anemia Flashcards
Iron Def Anemia Complications and indications for referral.
A-Sever anemia with hemodynamical
B-Patient with other-comorbidities like (HTN) could present with ischemia
C-Refer in Acute sever hemorrhage/trauma
D-Refer when (Hypotension, Pallor, cold clammy skin, thready pulse, tachycardia, dyspnea, air hunger, altered mental status, confusion, coma
The key pathophysiology of anemia of chronic disease?
Production of Hepcidin
Diagnosis of Anemia of chronic disease
Hb, HCT, MCV, Plat, RDW, Retic, SerumIron, TIBC, Ferritin
(Hb>Dec , HCT>Dec, MCV>Dec , Plat NL, RDW NL, Retic> Dec or NL, SerumIron> Dec, TIBC>Dec, Ferritin> Inc or NL)
Macrocytic Anemia is caused by problem in what?
DNA synthesis
Macrocytic anemia causes ? ( Megalo and non-megalo)
Megaloblastic: Folate deficiency Vit B12 Deficiency Non-Megaloblastic: Liver disease Alcohol Drugs
Risk factors for Vit B12 deficiency (3)
1-Long use of metformin
2-Proton pump inhibitors
3- Strict vegan diet
Clinical Features of Vit B12 deficiency (5)
- Depending on the cause (pernicious anemia, chronic pancreatitis, infection)
- Glossitis
- Jaundice
- Hyperpigmentation
- Vitiligo
- Neurological manifestations (peripheral neuritis, Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, dementia)
Hematocrit in anemia?
Less than 41% in men
Less than 36% in women
Hemoglobin in anemia?
Less than 13.5 in men
Less than 12 in women
What to do after peripheral blood smear if it’s microcytic anemi?
Serum iron studies
What to order after peripheral blood smear if it’s normocytic anemia?
Reticulocyte count (immature RBCs)
Most common nutritional deficiency?
Iron deficiency
What is the Most common presentation of iron deficiency anemia ?
Hair thinning
Vit B12 is essential for 3 enzymatic processes?
1-Conversion of homocysteine to methionine
2-Conversion of methylmalonic acid to succinyl coenzyme A
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