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HEMA LEC > ANEMIA > Flashcards

ANEMIA Flashcards

1
Q

GREEK WORD ETIOLOGY of ANEMIA

A

ANAIMIA “without blood”

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2
Q

Hemoglobinopathies

A

hemoglobin has impaired function

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3
Q

defined operationally as REDUCTION IN THE HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT OF THE BLOOD caused by the decrease of RBC, HEMOGLOBIN, and HEMATOCRIT

A

ANEMIA

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4
Q

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF ANEMIA

A

INSUFFICIENT IN HGB / DECREASED HGB LEVELS

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5
Q

what is the normal reference value range of blood in Liters?

A

Male: 5-6 L
Female: 4-5 L

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6
Q

Normal Hemoglobin Levels

A

Female: 12-15 g/dL
Male: 14-18 g/dL

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7
Q

<12 g/dL (HgB level in male)

A

ANEMIA

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8
Q

reference value that indicates a female person is suspected to have an anemia

A

<11 g/dL

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9
Q

formula for MCV

A

MCV = (Hct/RBC Count) x 10

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10
Q

formula for MCH

A

MCH = (HgB/RBC Count) x 10

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11
Q

formula for MCHC

A

MCHC = (Hgb/Hct) x 100

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12
Q

unit of measurement for MCV

A

fL or 10^-15

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13
Q

unit of measurement for MCH

A

pg or 10^-12

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14
Q

unit of measurement for MCHC

A

g/dL or L/L or %

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15
Q

MCV:

<80 fL

A

MICROCYTIC

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16
Q

MCV:

> 100 fL

A

MACROCYTIC

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17
Q

MCH reference value

A

26-32 pg

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18
Q

MCHC:

32-36 g/dL

A

NORMOCHROMIC

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19
Q

MCHC:

<32 g/dL

A

HYPOCHROMIC

20
Q

MCHC:

> 36 g/dL

A

HYPERCHROMIC

21
Q

HOW ARE ANEMIAS CLASSIFIED?

A

by its MORPHOLOGY and CAUSE/ETIOLOGY

22
Q

2 TYPES OF ANEMIA

A

RELATIVE (PSEUDO) ANEMIA AND ABSOLUTE ANEMIA

23
Q

other term for relative (pseudo anemia)

A

FALSE ANEMIA

24
Q

other term for absolute anemia

A

TRUE ANEMIA

25
Q

type of anemia that has normal RBC mass but has increased plasma volume

A

FALSE ANEMIA/RELATIVE (PSEUDO) ANEMIA

26
Q

type of anemia that is SECONDARY TO AN UNRELATED CONDITION AND CAN BE TRANSIENT IN NATURE

A

FALSE ANEMIA/RELATIVE (PSEUDO) ANEMIA

27
Q

type of anemia in relative (pseudo) anemia based on the MCV and MCHC volume

A

NORMOCYTIC/NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIA

28
Q

pregnancy and volume overload because of multiple transfusions can cause ___ (type of anemia)

A

RELATIVE (PSEUDO) ANEMIA / FALSE ANEMIA

29
Q

type of anemia that has DECREASED RBC MASS but normal plasma volume (has high retics)

A

ABSOLUTE ANEMIA / TRUE ANEMIA

30
Q

INDICATIVE OF A TRUE DECREASE IN ERYTHROCYTES AND HEMOGLOBIN

A

ABSOLUTE ANEMIA / TRUE ANEMIA

31
Q

This can cause increased loss of red cells from the circulation

A
  • acute bleeding (traumatic injuries)

- accelerated destruction (hemolytic)

32
Q

the term in which the patient has small reddish purple pinpoint spots (leakage of blood)

A

skin (petechiae)

33
Q

general classification of anemia in which the hemoglobin concentration is at 7-10 g/dL

A

MODERATE ANEMIA

34
Q

signs and symptoms of a patient that has moderate anemia

A

DYSPNEA, VERTIGO, HEADACHE, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, AND LETHARGY

35
Q

a patient has hemoglobin concentration below 7 g/dL, what is the general classification of anemia the patient has?

A

SEVERE ANEMIA

36
Q

signs and symptoms of a patient that has severe anemia

A

MODERATE ANEMIA + TACHYCARDIA + HYPOTENSION

37
Q

general classification of anemia that may cause pallor of conjunctivae and nail beds

A

moderate anemia

38
Q

how can the body adapt when the anemia is caused by slow loss of blood?

A

decreased in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity by increasing the production of 2,3 DPG/BPG
-BODY ADAPTATION: INCREASED IN ERYTHROPOEITIN PRODUCTION OF KIDNEYS

39
Q

what are the MECHANISMS OF ANEMIA

A
  1. INEFFECTIVE and INSUFFICIENT ERYTHROPOEISIS

2. BLOOD LOSS AND HEMOLYSIS

40
Q

what are the defective erythroid precursor cells being produced in ineffective erythropoiesis?

A

BFU-E to CFU-E

41
Q

in ineffective erythropoeisis, these defective precursors undergo _____ in the bone marrow before they mature into reticulocyte and be released into the peripheral circulation

A

APOPTOSIS

42
Q

NORMAL REFERENCE VALUE FOR MCV

A

80-100 fL

43
Q

NORMAL REFERENCE VALUE FOR MCV

A

32-36 g/dL

44
Q

conditions related to ineffective and insufficient erythropoiesis

A

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
THALASSEMIA
SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA

45
Q

deficient DNA synthesis due to vitamin b12 and folate/folic acid deficiency

A

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

HEMA LEC (1 decks)

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