Anemia Flashcards
Causes of anemia
Decreased RBC production
Blood loss
Increased RBC destruction
Treatment of anemia
Find cause of the bleeding
i. Transport oxygen (O2) from lungs to systemic tissues
ii. Carry carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
RBC function
How to diagnose Anemia
CBC Reticulocyte count (hyper-blood loss; hypo-deficiency) Peripheral blood smear (what type of blood cell)
Anemia causes by the body response to
hypoxia
Hgb levels
Female & Male
F: 12-16
M: 14-18
Mild anemia s/s
Mild fatigue
Palpitations
Dyspnea
Moderate anemia s/s
cardiac involvement & respiratory symptoms (w/ rest & activity)
Severe anemia s/s
Hgb less than 6 Murmur Tachycardia Intermittent claudication Blurry vision Spleen enlargement Sores in mouth
Anemia Integumentary manifestations
Pallor
Jaundice
Pruritus
Anemia cardiopulmonary manifestations
CO: increased HR & SV
Three changes in erythropoiesis may decrease RBC production
Decreased Hgb synthesis–iron deficiency
Defective DNA synthesis–colbalmin & folic acid
Diminished availability of erythrocyte precursors–stem cells
Iron-deficiency anemia Etiology
Inadequate dietary intake
Malabsorption
Blood loss
Iron-deficiency anemia clinical manifestations
Pallor-most common
Glossitis & Chelilitis
Iron-deficiency anemia lab findings
Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, reticulocytes, serum iron, TIBC, bilirubin, platelets, RBC, WBC
Stool occult blood test
Endoscopy/colonscopy
Albumin
Bone marrow biopsy