Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of anemia

A

Decreased RBC production
Blood loss
Increased RBC destruction

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2
Q

Treatment of anemia

A

Find cause of the bleeding

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3
Q

i. Transport oxygen (O2) from lungs to systemic tissues

ii. Carry carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs

A

RBC function

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4
Q

How to diagnose Anemia

A
CBC
Reticulocyte count (hyper-blood loss; hypo-deficiency)
Peripheral blood smear (what type of blood cell)
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5
Q

Anemia causes by the body response to

A

hypoxia

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6
Q

Hgb levels

Female & Male

A

F: 12-16
M: 14-18

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7
Q

Mild anemia s/s

A

Mild fatigue
Palpitations
Dyspnea

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8
Q

Moderate anemia s/s

A

cardiac involvement & respiratory symptoms (w/ rest & activity)

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9
Q

Severe anemia s/s

A
Hgb less than 6
Murmur
Tachycardia
Intermittent claudication
Blurry vision
Spleen enlargement
Sores in mouth
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10
Q

Anemia Integumentary manifestations

A

Pallor
Jaundice
Pruritus

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11
Q

Anemia cardiopulmonary manifestations

A

CO: increased HR & SV

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12
Q

Three changes in erythropoiesis may decrease RBC production

A

Decreased Hgb synthesis–iron deficiency
Defective DNA synthesis–colbalmin & folic acid
Diminished availability of erythrocyte precursors–stem cells

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13
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia Etiology

A

Inadequate dietary intake
Malabsorption
Blood loss

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14
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia clinical manifestations

A

Pallor-most common

Glossitis & Chelilitis

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15
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia lab findings

A

Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, reticulocytes, serum iron, TIBC, bilirubin, platelets, RBC, WBC

Stool occult blood test
Endoscopy/colonscopy
Albumin
Bone marrow biopsy

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16
Q

Bone marrow biopsy preprocedure

A

prone or sidelying

local anesthetic

17
Q

Bone marrow biopsy postprocedure

A

apply pressure
maintain bed rest for 30-60 min
monitor for infection

18
Q

Iron-Deficiency Anemia Interprofessional and Nursing Management

A
treat underlying problem
Replace Iron (nutritionally therapy, iron supplements, transfusion of RBCs)
19
Q

Assessment of Iron deficiency anemia

A

Reassess Hgb & RBC count (4-6 weeks)
Need to take supplement for 2-3mo after Hgb returns to normal
monitor liver problems

20
Q

Complication of anemia

A

HF

due to increased demand on ♡ to provide oxygen

21
Q

Decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

22
Q

Increased MCV

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Folic Acid dependency

23
Q

What deficiency in nutrients causes anemia?

A

Iron
Cobalamin
Folic Acid

24
Q

what is produced by kidney/liver for anemia?

A

Erythropoietin (production of RBCs)

25
Q

Hemolysis causes anemia what is in the category?

A

Sickle cell disease
RA
Lupis
B12; folic acid

26
Q

Peripheral blood smear

A

Normocidic: small
Microsidic: smaller, pale
Macrosidic: larger

27
Q

Severe anemic pts may have

A

roaring in their ears

28
Q

What is often used to determine severity of anemia?

A

Hgb

29
Q

Iron-deficiency malabsorption r/t

A

Gi surgery; since iron absorbs in the duodenum

30
Q

What is increased for labs?

A

TIBC

RBC binding to iron