ANDROID EVOLUTION Flashcards
Co-founded a start-up Android Inc. in Palo Alto, California.
Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick
Sears, and Chris White
Android made its official public debut in
2008 with this version
Include a suite of early Google apps like Gmail, Maps, Calendar, and YouTube, all of which were integrated into the operating system, a stark contrast to the more easily updatable standalone app model employed today.
ANDROID 1.0 TO 1.1
Filled in some important holes in Android’s center, including the ability for the OS to operate on a variety of different screen sizes and resolutions
It also introduced the Power Control widget
ANDROID 1.6 : DONUT (API 4)
The tradition of Android version names was born.
Introduced numerous refinements to the Android interface, including the first on-screen keyboard.
ANDROID 1.5 CUPCAKE (API 3)
Released just a month and a half after Donut, brought in the text to speech support as well as live wallpapers.
First version to have multiple account support
ANDROID 2.0-2.1: ÉCLAIR (API 5)
It was introduced with the enhanced
Bluetooth functionality and compatibility with docks, portable WiFi hotspot for sharing the 3G connection.
Google Nexus One was the first
smartphone to use this version
ANDROID 2.2 : FROYO (API 8)
Made swiping a more integral method of getting around the operating system, with the then-revolutionary-feeling
ability to swipe away things like notifications and recent apps.
Started the slow process of bringing a standardized design framework known as “Holo” .
ANDROID 4.0 : ICECREAM SANDWICH (API 14)
Android’s first true visual identity started coming into focus with this version.
Black and green seeped all over the
UI as Android slowly approached distinctive design.
ANDROID 2.3 : GINGERBREAD (API 9)
Was launched for the first tablet for Android-based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.
It contains the features like “holographic” user interface for tablet
released in 2011 that was tablet-only release to launch the Motorola Xoom.
ANDROID 3.0 TO 3.2 : HONEYCOMB
(API 11 – 13)
Released on September 3, 2013,
with more focused on better
user experience.
Optimized to run at a larger
range of old versions from the
android version list.
The smartphone must have a
minimum of 512 MB of RAM.
ANDROID 4.4 : KITKAT (API 19)
Released in June 2012 with Google Digital Assistant technology accessible from the home screen. The spectacular predictive intelligence utility provides expandable and interactive notifications. Moreover, users can enjoy the multi-user support into play and many other valuable features.
ANDROID 4.1: JELLY BEAN (API 16)
Released on November 12, 2014, with a redesigned user interface and built with
“material design”
It gives a new and modern look extended
across all of android, applications, and google products
ANDROID 5 : LOLLIPOP
(API 21)
Google used “Macadamia Nut Cookie” to
describe this version
Most attention-grabbing element was a screen-search feature called Now On Tap — something that, as I said at the time, had tons of potential that wasn’t fully tapped.
ANDROID 6 : MARSHMALLOW (API 23)
Released in 2016 with a native split-screen
mode, data saver functionality, and
a “bundled-by-app”
Most pivotal among this version’s
enhancements, however, was the
launch of the Google Assistant
ANDROID 7 : NOUGAT (API 24)
released in the year 2017 having native picture-in-picture mode, notification snoozing options and better control over how applications can alert you by notifications.
It was the first Android version to
feature Project Treble
ANDROID 8: OREO (API 26)
The most widely used operating system in the android version list.
Has AI compatibility
Included some noteworthy productivity features, too, such as a universal suggested-reply system for messaging notifications, a new dashboard of Digital Wellbeing controls, and more intelligent
systems
ANDROID 9: PIE (API 28)
The first Android version to shed its letter and be known simply by a number, with no dessert-themed moniker attached
— in September of 2019.
No tappable Back button altogether and
relying on a completely swipe-driven approach to system navigation.
ANDROID 10 : Q (API 29)
A pretty substantial Android update both under the hood and on the surface. The version’s most significant changes revolve
around privacy
ANDROID VERSION 11 (API 30)
Internal code name for Android 13 is “Tiramisu.”
The most ambitious updates in Android history and one of the most subtle version
changes to date
Introduced a slew of significant interface updates including an enhanced split-screen mode for multitasking and a ChromeOS-like taskbar
ANDROID 13 (API 31)
The previous Android version codename was “Upside Down Cake.”
Features a first taste of Google’s AI-generated custom wallpaper creator, though that’s available only on the Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro to start.
ANDROID 14 (API 32)
The internal name was “Vanilla Ice Cream,”
Introduced privacy features, such as Private
Space, which allows you to hide specific applications and content from plain view, and locking them behind a passcode
Foldable samrtphones became more relevant
ANDROID 15 (API 33)
The main components of android architecture
Applications
Application Framework
Android Runtime
Platform Libraries
Linux Kernel
The top layer of android architecture
Applications
Provides several important classes which are used to create an Android application. It provides a generic abstraction
for hardware access.
Application Framework
It contains components like core libraries and the Dalvik virtual machine(DVM). Mainly, it provides the base for the application framework and powers our application with the help of the core
libraries.
Application Runtime
Includes various C/C++ core libraries and Java based libraries such as Media, Graphics, Surface Manager, OpenGL etc. to provide a support for android developmen
The Platform Libraries
The heart of the android architecture. It manages all the available
drivers such as display drivers, camera drivers, Bluetooth drivers, audio
drivers, memory drivers, etc. which are required during the runtime.
Linux Kernel
