Andalucia Flashcards
Name to DOs of Andalucia
Condado de Huelva DO Malaga DO Sierras de Malaga DO Montilla-Moriles DO Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO
When were the Moors in Andalucia?
711-1492
When did Jerez become a DO?
1933
What towns form the “Golden Triangle” of Jerez?
Jerez de la Fronterra
Sanlucar de Barremeda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
What is the importance of the Golden Triangle of Sherry?
Sherry must age in and ship from one of these three towns
What soil is best for Palomino?
Albariza
What soil of Jerez is best for Moscatel?
Arenas, found near the coast
What are the communes of Jerez?
Jerez de la Frontera Sanlucar de Barrameda El Puerto de Santa Maria Chipiona Rota Trebujena Puerto Real Chiclana de la Frontera Lebrija
When was the apex of Sherry’s popularity in Britain?
1870s
What river runs to the northwest of Jerez?
the Guadalquivir River
What is the temperature difference between Sanlucar de Barrameda and Jerez de la Frontera?
Jerez de la Fronterra may be up to 20º F warmer during the summer
What are the two winds of spain, and what does each do?
The Levante blwos from the east; hot and dry, cooks the grapes on the vine
The Poniente blows from the Atlantic; humid, promotes the growth of Flor
Where is Jerez Superior?
A sub-region between Sanlucar de Barrameda and the Guadalete River, which flows in the bay of Cadiz to the south of Jerez de la Frontera
Where are 80% of Jerez’s vines located?
in Jerez Superior
What are the sub-varieties of Palomino seen in Jerez?
Palomino de Jerez Palomino Fino (more common, higher yield, more disease resistant)
Where is most of the arenas soil, and therfore Moscatel, found?
near Chipiona
What is the southernmost town of Jerez?
Chiclana de la Frontera
Name 3 important vineyards of Jerez
Macharnudo (over 2000 acres) Añina Carrascal Miraflores (Sanlucar) Balbaina (PdSM) Los Tercios (PdSM)
How long does soleo typically last fro PX and Moscatel grapes?
1-3 weeks
What is the training method for Jerez vines?
Vara y Pulgar
Growers prune alternate spurs. One year’s vara (stick) is pruned back to be the next year’s pulgar (thumb)
How were Jerez grapes traditionally pressed?
pisadores (laborers) would stomp on them wearing Zapatos de Pisar (bowboy boots with angled nails on the bottom
What is the max yield for Palomino in Jerez?
80 hl/ha in the vineyard (for Jerez superior, otherwise 100 hl/ha)
70 liters of juice per 100 kg in the winery
What is the must of Jerez called?
Mosto de Yema
what are the three stages of quality for the Mosto de Yema?
Primera Yema (free run, 60-70% of the Mosto de Yema) Segunda Yema (press wine) Mosto Prensa (destined for ditillate)
What is desfangado?
racking
What are the stages of fermentation in Jerez?
tumultuous fermentation- hot and vigourous, lasting up to a week
“Lenta” slow fermentation, any remaining suagr is feremtnated over a few weeks at a lower temp
What is the alcohol of Jerez base wine?
11-12.5%
After fermentation, how are tanks classified in Jerez?
Primera Yema becomes “Palo” with a vertical slash for Fino or Manz
Segunda Yema becomes “Gordura” w a circle for Oloroso
How are Sherry base wines fortified?
w a mixture of spirit and mature sherry called Mitad y Mitad. It’s more gentle than just adding spirit to base wine
What does Flor need to develop?
Contact with oxygen Humidity Mod temp (60-70ºF) Absence of fermentable sugar 15-15.5% abv
What is Sobretablas and how long does it last?
An intermediary stage for Jerez aging under Flor.
6-12 months
What barrel is used for aging sherry before the Solera?
600 L neutral American oak butts
How are sherries classified after Sobretablas?
Palma Palma Cortada Palo Cortado Raya Dos Rayas
What would cause a sherry to be marked Palo Cortado after Sobretablas?
Flor is present but the wine is richer. This will be fortified to min 17% abv to destroy the Flor.
What is the fate of a wine classified as Raya?
Fortified to 17-18% abv to become Oloroso
What is the min aging in Solera for all Sherries?
pre-2010 was 3 yrs
Now just 2 yrs
What styles of Jerez can carry a Certified Age Designation?
Amontillado
Oloroso
Palo Cortado
PX
What are the age designations used in Jerez? What do they signify?
VOS (Vinum Optimum Signatum) min 20 yrs average
VORS (Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum) min 30 yrs avg age
What is the maximum number of criaderas in a solera?
14
For every liter of wine drawn from the solera, how many must remain?
for every liter taken, 2 liters must remain. So 1/3 can be taken.
What are trasiegos?
Movements of wine through the solera from criadera to the next
Why does flor depend on the solera system?
Flor needs certain nutrients and oxygen to survive. The refreshing of the wines brings new nutrients
What the alcohol levels of Sherry?
Fino: 15-17% Amontillado: 16-22% Oloroso and Palo Cortado: 17-22% Medium/Dry: 15-22% Pale Cream/Cream: 15.5-22%
What are the generoso wines classified as in Sanlucar de Barrameda?
Manzanilla Fina
Manzanilla Pasada (Amontillado style)
Manzanilla Oloroso
What is Cabeceo?
The process of assembling the final sherry blend on a small scale and then applying it proportionally to the wine at large
What sweetening agents can be used for sweet sherry?
Dulce Pasa
Dulce de Almibar
Mistela
What is Dulce de Almibar?
Rare
A blend of invert sugar and Fino
How can a Sherry house adjust the color of the final wine?
with Vino de Color, a combo of boiled syrup and fresh must
What are the types of Vino de Color?
Sancocho- reduced to 1/3 of the original volume
Arrope- reduced to 1/5 of the original volume
What do Almacenistas do?
They pruchase young wines, age them, and then sell them to shippers at proper maturity. Not very important today.
What are Sherries produced solely from sunned grapes called?
Vino Dulce Natural
They are still fortified after partial fermentation
What is the principal grape of Montilla-Moriles DO?
PX
Why are Vino Generoso from Montilla-Moriles DO not always fortified?
It’s so hot, the grapes can often naturally ferment to 15.5%
What is the subzone of Montilla-Moriles DO?
Montilla-Moriles Superior
higher concentration of albariza
Can still wines be made in Montilla-Moriles DO?
Yes!
Blanco and aged Blanco (1 yr in oak)
What styles can be made in Malaga DO?
Seco (still, dry)
Vino de Uvas Sobremaduradas (Overripe, not fortified)
Fortified
Vino de Uvas Pasificadas Dulce (Dried grape, not fortified)
What is the only red grape authroized in Malaga DO?
Romé
What is Vino Maestro in Malaga DO?
VdL
What is Vino Tierno in Malaga DO?
VDN from sunned grapes
What are the age categories for Malaga DO?
Malaga Palido (max 6 mo) Malaga (6-24 mo in oak) Malaga Noble (24-36 mo in oak) Malaga Anejo (36-60 mo in oak) Malaga Transanejo (min 60 mo in oak)
What does Lagrima indicate on a bottle of Malaga DO? and Lagrimae Christi?
Traditional style of Malaga Vino de Licor produced without any mechanical pressing
Lagrimae Christi is Lagrima aged min 2 yrs in oak
What is the only DO of Andalucia that does not make sweet wine?
Sierras de Malaga DO
What are the grapes of Sierras de Malaga DO?
Blanco: Chrd, PX, Moscatel de Alejandria, Moscatel Morisco, SB, Macabeo
Rosado/Tinto: Romé, CS, Merlot, Syrah, Tempranillo
What styles can be made in Condado de Huelva DO?
Blanco, Tinto Condado Palido (solera, biological aging) Condado Viejo (solera, oxidative aging) Vino Genersoso de Licor (solera, sweet fortified)
What are the rec grapes of Condado de Huelva DO?
Blanco: Zalema
Tinto: Syrah, Tempranillo, CS, CF, Merlot
What is aserpia? What is another word for it?
The building of ridges in the albariza between vine rows in Jerez to catch and store rainwater in the fall and winter. The Aserpia channel walls are then demolished and levelled out in the spring.
AKA Alumbra
