Andalucia

Question 1

Name to DOs of Andalucia

Answer 1

Condado de Huelva DO
Malaga DO
Sierras de Malaga DO
Montilla-Moriles DO
Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO
Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO

Question 2

When were the Moors in Andalucia?

Answer 2

711-1492

Question 3

When did Jerez become a DO?

Answer 3

1933

Question 4

What towns form the “Golden Triangle” of Jerez?

Answer 4

Jerez de la Fronterra
Sanlucar de Barremeda
El Puerto de Santa Maria

Question 5

What is the importance of the Golden Triangle of Sherry?

Answer 5

Sherry must age in and ship from one of these three towns

Question 6

What soil is best for Palomino?

Answer 6

Albariza

Question 7

What soil of Jerez is best for Moscatel?

Answer 7

Arenas, found near the coast

Question 8

What are the communes of Jerez?

Answer 8

Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
Chipiona
Rota
Trebujena
Puerto Real
Chiclana de la Frontera
Lebrija

Question 9

When was the apex of Sherry’s popularity in Britain?

Answer 9

1870s

Question 10

What river runs to the northwest of Jerez?

Answer 10

the Guadalquivir River

Question 11

What is the temperature difference between Sanlucar de Barrameda and Jerez de la Frontera?

Answer 11

Jerez de la Fronterra may be up to 20º F warmer during the summer

Question 12

What are the two winds of spain, and what does each do?

Answer 12

The Levante blwos from the east; hot and dry, cooks the grapes on the vine
The Poniente blows from the Atlantic; humid, promotes the growth of Flor

Question 13

Where is Jerez Superior?

Answer 13

A sub-region between Sanlucar de Barrameda and the Guadalete River, which flows in the bay of Cadiz to the south of Jerez de la Frontera

Question 14

Where are 80% of Jerez’s vines located?

Answer 14

in Jerez Superior

Question 15

What are the sub-varieties of Palomino seen in Jerez?

Answer 15

Palomino de Jerez
Palomino Fino (more common, higher yield, more disease resistant)

Question 16

Where is most of the arenas soil, and therfore Moscatel, found?

Answer 16

near Chipiona

Question 17

What is the southernmost town of Jerez?

Answer 17

Chiclana de la Frontera

Question 18

Name 3 important vineyards of Jerez

Answer 18

Macharnudo (over 2000 acres)
Añina
Carrascal
Miraflores (Sanlucar)
Balbaina (PdSM)
Los Tercios (PdSM)

Question 19

How long does soleo typically last fro PX and Moscatel grapes?

Answer 19

1-3 weeks

Question 20

What is the training method for Jerez vines?

Answer 20

Vara y Pulgar

Growers prune alternate spurs. One year’s vara (stick) is pruned back to be the next year’s pulgar (thumb)

Question 21

How were Jerez grapes traditionally pressed?

Answer 21

pisadores (laborers) would stomp on them wearing Zapatos de Pisar (bowboy boots with angled nails on the bottom

Question 22

What is the max yield for Palomino in Jerez?

Answer 22

80 hl/ha in the vineyard (for Jerez superior, otherwise 100 hl/ha)
70 liters of juice per 100 kg in the winery

Question 23

What is the must of Jerez called?

Answer 23

Mosto de Yema

Question 24

what are the three stages of quality for the Mosto de Yema?

Answer 24

Primera Yema (free run, 60-70% of the Mosto de Yema)
Segunda Yema (press wine)
Mosto Prensa (destined for ditillate)

Question 25

What is desfangado?

Answer 25

racking

Question 26

What are the stages of fermentation in Jerez?

Answer 26

tumultuous fermentation- hot and vigourous, lasting up to a week "Lenta" slow fermentation, any remaining suagr is feremtnated over a few weeks at a lower temp

Question 27

What is the alcohol of Jerez base wine?

Answer 27

11-12.5%

Question 28

After fermentation, how are tanks classified in Jerez?

Answer 28

Primera Yema becomes "Palo" with a vertical slash for Fino or Manz Segunda Yema becomes "Gordura" w a circle for Oloroso

Question 29

How are Sherry base wines fortified?

Answer 29

w a mixture of spirit and mature sherry called Mitad y Mitad. It's more gentle than just adding spirit to base wine

Question 30

What does Flor need to develop?

Answer 30

``` Contact with oxygen Humidity Mod temp (60-70ºF) Absence of fermentable sugar 15-15.5% abv ```

Question 31

What is Sobretablas and how long does it last?

Answer 31

An intermediary stage for Jerez aging under Flor. | 6-12 months

Question 32

What barrel is used for aging sherry before the Solera?

Answer 32

600 L neutral American oak butts

Question 33

How are sherries classified after Sobretablas?

Answer 33

``` Palma Palma Cortada Palo Cortado Raya Dos Rayas ```

Question 34

What would cause a sherry to be marked Palo Cortado after Sobretablas?

Answer 34

Flor is present but the wine is richer. This will be fortified to min 17% abv to destroy the Flor.

Question 35

What is the fate of a wine classified as Raya?

Answer 35

Fortified to 17-18% abv to become Oloroso

Question 36

What is the min aging in Solera for all Sherries?

Answer 36

pre-2010 was 3 yrs | Now just 2 yrs

Question 37

What styles of Jerez can carry a Certified Age Designation?

Answer 37

Amontillado Oloroso Palo Cortado PX

Question 38

What are the age designations used in Jerez? What do they signify?

Answer 38

VOS (Vinum Optimum Signatum) min 20 yrs average | VORS (Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum) min 30 yrs avg age

Question 39

What is the maximum number of criaderas in a solera?

Answer 39

14

Question 40

For every liter of wine drawn from the solera, how many must remain?

Answer 40

for every liter taken, 2 liters must remain. So 1/3 can be taken.

Question 41

What are trasiegos?

Answer 41

Movements of wine through the solera from criadera to the next

Question 42

Why does flor depend on the solera system?

Answer 42

Flor needs certain nutrients and oxygen to survive. The refreshing of the wines brings new nutrients

Question 43

What the alcohol levels of Sherry?

Answer 43

``` Fino: 15-17% Amontillado: 16-22% Oloroso and Palo Cortado: 17-22% Medium/Dry: 15-22% Pale Cream/Cream: 15.5-22% ```

Question 44

What are the generoso wines classified as in Sanlucar de Barrameda?

Answer 44

Manzanilla Fina Manzanilla Pasada (Amontillado style) Manzanilla Oloroso

Question 45

What is Cabeceo?

Answer 45

The process of assembling the final sherry blend on a small scale and then applying it proportionally to the wine at large

Question 46

What sweetening agents can be used for sweet sherry?

Answer 46

Dulce Pasa Dulce de Almibar Mistela

Question 47

What is Dulce de Almibar?

Answer 47

Rare | A blend of invert sugar and Fino

Question 48

How can a Sherry house adjust the color of the final wine?

Answer 48

with Vino de Color, a combo of boiled syrup and fresh must

Question 49

What are the types of Vino de Color?

Answer 49

Sancocho- reduced to 1/3 of the original volume | Arrope- reduced to 1/5 of the original volume

Question 50

What do Almacenistas do?

Answer 50

They pruchase young wines, age them, and then sell them to shippers at proper maturity. Not very important today.

Question 51

What are Sherries produced solely from sunned grapes called?

Answer 51

Vino Dulce Natural | They are still fortified after partial fermentation

Question 52

What is the principal grape of Montilla-Moriles DO?

Answer 52

PX

Question 53

Why are Vino Generoso from Montilla-Moriles DO not always fortified?

Answer 53

It's so hot, the grapes can often naturally ferment to 15.5%

Question 54

What is the subzone of Montilla-Moriles DO?

Answer 54

Montilla-Moriles Superior | higher concentration of albariza

Question 55

Can still wines be made in Montilla-Moriles DO?

Answer 55

Yes! | Blanco and aged Blanco (1 yr in oak)

Question 56

What styles can be made in Malaga DO?

Answer 56

Seco (still, dry) Vino de Uvas Sobremaduradas (Overripe, not fortified) Fortified Vino de Uvas Pasificadas Dulce (Dried grape, not fortified)

Question 57

What is the only red grape authroized in Malaga DO?

Answer 57

Romé

Question 58

What is Vino Maestro in Malaga DO?

Answer 58

VdL

Question 59

What is Vino Tierno in Malaga DO?

Answer 59

VDN from sunned grapes

Question 60

What are the age categories for Malaga DO?

Answer 60

``` Malaga Palido (max 6 mo) Malaga (6-24 mo in oak) Malaga Noble (24-36 mo in oak) Malaga Anejo (36-60 mo in oak) Malaga Transanejo (min 60 mo in oak) ```

Question 61

What does Lagrima indicate on a bottle of Malaga DO? and Lagrimae Christi?

Answer 61

Traditional style of Malaga Vino de Licor produced without any mechanical pressing Lagrimae Christi is Lagrima aged min 2 yrs in oak

Question 62

What is the only DO of Andalucia that does not make sweet wine?

Answer 62

Sierras de Malaga DO

Question 63

What are the grapes of Sierras de Malaga DO?

Answer 63

Blanco: Chrd, PX, Moscatel de Alejandria, Moscatel Morisco, SB, Macabeo Rosado/Tinto: Romé, CS, Merlot, Syrah, Tempranillo

Question 64

What styles can be made in Condado de Huelva DO?

Answer 64

``` Blanco, Tinto Condado Palido (solera, biological aging) Condado Viejo (solera, oxidative aging) Vino Genersoso de Licor (solera, sweet fortified) ```

Question 65

What are the rec grapes of Condado de Huelva DO?

Answer 65

Blanco: Zalema Tinto: Syrah, Tempranillo, CS, CF, Merlot

Question 66

What is aserpia? What is another word for it?

Answer 66

The building of ridges in the albariza between vine rows in Jerez to catch and store rainwater in the fall and winter. The Aserpia channel walls are then demolished and levelled out in the spring. AKA Alumbra