Ancient Rome Flashcards
Republic
Ancient Rome
-1st century BCE
-made up of loose federation of states
-governed by aristocratic families
-Patricians vs. Phledians
-portraits are truthful, great degree of naturalism, interest in realism
Pompeii (Stylistic Period)
Ancient Rome- 1st century. BCE to 1st cen. CE
City of Pompeii
Began 2nd cen. BCE and destroyed 79 CE
-Ancient Rome: Pompeii
-Completley buried in ash and lava
-Discovered by Europeans in 18th century
-City is based in a well functioned grid plan
Patrician Carrying Portrait Busts of Ancestors
From Rome, late 1st century BCE
- Ancient Rome: Republic (Stylistic Period)
-reflects the republic, wealthy powerful families (who could have portraits)
-Also showed DISTINGUISHED genealogy (especially from rich families who didn’t have one)
-Full length portrait
-marble
- holding bust of forbearers (3 gens shown)
-Would have busts in home for religious ceremonies (actively cared for)
Atrium of the House of the Vetti
Pompeii, 2nd cen. BCE, rebuilt 62-79 CE
-Ancient Rome: Pompeii (Stylistic Period)
- one of the best preserved houses and partially rebuilt by Italian excavators
-Great example of a general house design
-Included: Atrium opening and peristyle garden/ courtyard
-Mural paintings ( preferably plaster, custom in every room)
Garden Vista, Villa of Livia at Primaporta
30-20 BCE
-Ancient Rome: Pompeii Stylistic Period
-not actually from Pompeii (Primaporta)
-Ultimate example of Second Style picture window mural
-ILLUSION OF REALITY
-ATMOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVE
-all four walls of room covered in lush gardens with field background
-fence in garden suggests recession
-artist is looking at reality
Empire (Stylistic Period)
Ancient Rome
-1st cen. BCE to early 4th cen. CE
Augustus as general
Early 1st cen. CE copy of bronze original of ca. 20 BCE
- Ancient Rome: Empire Stylistic Period
-Looked to and inspired by Greeks
-Idealized portrait depicting him in his best and most youthful
-Representing him as military soldier and emperor
-bronze staff is a sign of leadership
-Gesture is an addressing manner
-Allegorical figures on his armor (Roman and Barbarian uniting with gods representing sky+peace, earth+prosperity)
-Eros is related to Aeneid (Saying Augustus has divine blood)
-image of idealism and propaganda
Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace)
Rome 13-9 BCE
-Ancient Rome: Empire
-An Altar (originally outdoors)
-SPECIFIC ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES WHICH ARTICULATE THE SURFACE
-Many architectural elements: sections with flat columns, in between each columns are two registers
-relief carvings
-inspired by Greek Parthenon = appeals to intellect, creates clarity and order (architecturally + with reliefs)
Imperial Procession
On the Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Agustuan Peace) Rome, 13-9 BCE
-Ancient Rome: Empire (Stylistic Period)
-Once again inspired by Greeks (Parthenon Frieze procession)
-Made his own procession of Roman’s
-Portraits of actual people (royal family)
-Only the men get distinctive features, wearing Laurel leaves for ceremony
-Women are all dignified and elegant
-Kids are included to emphasize marriage, lineage, and procreation (regal blood will continue to reign)
Pont-du-Gard
Nimes, France, ca. 16 BCE
-Ancient Rome: Empire
-contributed to the expansion of empire
-helps transport water (aqueduct)
-made of cut stone (precision and calculation was needed to build it out of cut stone)
Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum)
Rome, 70-80 CE
-Ancient Rome: Empire
-made under emperor Flavian rule
-To entertain population (happy people = no rebellion)
-make a large structure that can seat thousands of spectators and all have a full view (40 thousand)
- Design with arches and barrel vaults to allow flow of traffic and support structurally
-Made of concrete and cut stone
-Underground tunnels (holds animals caught throughout empire as well as individuals)
-Used architectural detail and molding to give surface definition
-Statures placed under every outer arch
-3 tiered representing 3 orders
-repetition of form, refined pattern, clear/clarity
Arch of Titus
Rome, after 81 CE
-Ancient Rome: Empire
-military monument
-made of concrete and cut stone
-covered in relief carvings (many outer ones to be taken)
-Arches designed over sacred road (viasacre= the road the emperor and his troops would parade across returning victoriously)
-Go through arch= enter the city
-Originally made of wood and was replaced with big one
-Domitian (Titus’ younger brother) erected the monument for him after his death and end to his reign to honor him.
-Carvings: Titus travel to Middle East and take over Jerusalem, sacked religious temple for spoils (pillage and plunder)
Triumph of Titus
Relief panel from Arch of Titus, Rome, after 81 CE
-Ancient Rome: Empire
-shows contemporary event of historical significance (site specific= occurred at actual monument site)
-4 horses with high heads in victorious pose
-gods and allegorical figures standing around Titus (with Nike crowning him)
-Also representing/ depicting Rome and its people around him(?)
-would have been painted
Spoils from the Temple of Jerusalem
Relief panel from Arch of Titus, Rome, after 81 CE
-Ancient Rome: Empire
-returning from victory and sacking religious temple
-figures marching through older wooden arch carrying spoils
- All the men look alike to generally represent the military
-All of the men also have Laurel leaves since everyone was victorious
-Would have been painted
