Ancient Roman Vocab Flashcards
Vocabulary to help learn about Ancient Rome
praenomen
The praenomen (literally forename, plural praenomina) was a personal name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women’s praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Alesia
Alesia was the capital of the Mandubii, one of the Gaulish tribes allied with the Aedui, and after Julius Caesar’s conquest a Roman town (oppidum) in Gaul. There have been archeological excavations since the time of Napoléon III in Alise-Sainte-Reine in Côte d’Or near Dijon, which have claimed that the historical Alesia is located there. New discoveries are constantly being made about this Gallo-Roman settlement on the plateau of Mont-Auxois. As a result of the latest excavation, a find was presented to the museum there with the inscription: IN ALISIIA, which finally dispelled the doubts of some archeologists on the town’s identity.
Tusculum
Tusculum is one of the largest Roman cities in Alban Hills. The ruins of Tusculum are located on Tuscolo hill—more specifically on the northern edge of the outer crater ring of the Alban volcano. The volcano itself is located in the Alban Hills 6 km north-east of the present-day town of Frascati .
Antonine
In reference to Roman emperors Antoninus Pius (ruled 138-161 C.E.) and Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (161-180).
Spoleto
Spoleto (Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is 20 km (12 mi) S. of Trevi, 29 km (18 mi) N. of Terni, 63 km (39 mi) SE of Perugia; 212 km (132 mi) SE of Florence; and 126 km (78 mi) N of Rome.
Metz
Metz (French pronunciation: [mɛs] ( listen); German: [ˈmɛts]) is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.
Segovia
Segovia is a city in Spain. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Segovia%2C_Spain_location.png
Ostia Antica
Ostia Antica is a large archeological site, close to the modern suburb of Ostia (Rome), that was the location of the harbour city of ancient Rome, which is approximately 30 km to the northeast. “Ostia” in Latin means “mouth”. At the mouth of the River Tiber, Ostia was Rome’s seaport, but, due to silting and a drop in sea level, the site now lies 3 km from the sea.[1] The site is noted for the excellent preservation of its ancient buildings, magnificent frescoes and impressive mosaics.
proscription
Any man whose name appeared on the list was ipso facto stripped of his citizenship and excluded from all protection under law; reward money was given to any informer who gave information leading to the death of a proscribed man, and any person who killed a proscribed man was entitled to keep part of his estate (the remainder went to the state). No person could inherit money or property from proscribed men, nor could any woman married to a proscribed man remarry after his death. Many victims of proscription were decapitated and their heads were displayed on spears in the Forum.
proconsul
A governor of a province in the Roman Republic appointed for one year by the senate.
imperator
im·pe·ra·tors Plural NOUN 1. Roman general: a victorious military commander during the time of the Roman Republic 2. Roman emperor: the head of state of the Roman Empire 3. absolute ruler: an absolute ruler or commander [Mid-16th century. < Latin, “commander” < imperare (see imperative)] im·per·a·to·ri·al ADJECTIVE Thesaurus NOUN Synonyms: ruler, sovereign, emperor, king, queen, tsar, imperator, crowned head NOUN Antonyms: subject
Praetor
A title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities: the commander of an army, usually in the field, or the named commander before mustering the army; and an elected magistratus (magistrate) assigned varied duties (per the historical period). The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetiores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship.
lictor
A member of a special class of Roman civil servant, with special tasks of attending and guarding magistrates of the Roman Republic and Empire who held imperium, the right and power to command; essentially, a bodyguard. The origin of the tradition of lictors goes back to the time when Rome was a kingdom, perhaps acquired from their Etruscan neighbours.
tribune
an elected official in ancient Rome
Pontifix Maximus
The highest office in the state religion of ancient Rome and directed the College of Pontiffs. According to Livy, after the overthrow of the monarchy, the Romans created the priesthood of the rex sacrorum, or “king of sacred rites,” to carry out certain religious duties and rituals previously performed by the king. The rex sacrorum was explicitly deprived of military and political power, but the pontifices were permitted to hold both magistracies and military commands.[8]
censor
The censor was an officer in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government’s finances. The censors’ regulation of public morality is the origin of the modern meaning of the words “censor” and “censorship.”
praetor
Any of several magistrates ranking immediately below the consuls and acting as the chief law officers of the state
Kalends
first day of the month; it is thought to have originally been the day of the new moon.
Nones
thought to have originally been the day of the half moon. The Nones was eight days before the Ides, and fell on the 5th or 7th day of the month, depending on the position of the Ides. (Nones implies ninth because, counting Ides as first, one day before is the second, and eight days before is the ninth).
Ides
thought to have originally been the day of the full moon, was the 13th day of most months, but the 15th day of March, May, July, and October.
Flavian Dynasty
Roman Imperial Dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96 AD, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69–79), and his two sons Titus (79–81) and Domitian (81–96).
