Ancient, Medival and Art & Culture Flashcards
Northern Polished Black Ware
6th Century BC
Burnt bricks and ring well
Iron implements
Beginning of second urbanisation in India
Ravana shaking mount Kailash
Ellora caves
Kailashnath temple
8 AD
Arjuna’s penance
Rock boulders in Mahabalipuram or Mamallapuram
Vishnu reclining on Serpent sheshnag
Dashavtar Vishnu Temple, Devgarh
Gathasaptasai or Gathasattasai
Prakrit text
Hala - Satavahana king
Gautamiputra Satkarni
106-130 AD
Restored Satvahana empire
Extended empire from Malwa in North to Karnataka in South
Rashtrakuta administration
Rashtra (province) - Rashtrapati
Vishaya (district) - Vishayapati
Bhukti
Koshtapal
Kotwal
Law and Order
Rashtrakuta
Yakshgaana
Theatre form Karnataka Mythological stories and Puranas Colourful costumes, makeup and masks Emerged in 16th CE Roots in Sanskrit literature Earlier male only now women also train
Maach
Theatre Madhya Pradesh Dialogue- bol Rhyme in narration- Vanag Tunes- Rangat Songs are given prominence between dialogues
Jatra
Folk theatre - Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa and Tripura
Music theatre
Sri Chaitanya Bhakti Movement
Swang
Music based - Rohtak and Haathras
Rohtak - Haryanvi
Haathras - Brajbhasha
Fresco
Mural painting on freshly laid lime plaster
Tempers
Dry pigments are made usable by tempering them with binding and adhesive vehicle
Gauche
Gum or a opaque white pigment is added to water colour to produce opacity
Cubism
Visual art created principally by Pablo Picasso
Advaita
Shankaracharya Doctrine of non - dualism Reality of world is denied Bhraman is only reality World evolves out of its own cycle of Nirvitti (expansion) and Pravritti (involution) Intellectual practice
Mohiniyattam
Kerala - solo dance
Lasya style - feminine, tender and graceful
Movements are emphasised by glides and up and down movements of toes like waves of sea
Treaties of Ancient Indian music
Natya Shastra - Bharata- earliest Brihaddesi - Matang Sangeeta Ratnakara - Sharangdeva Sangeet Sudhakar - Haripala Swaramelakalanidhi - Ramamatya
Silappadhikaran - Tamil classic
Tolkappiyam, Kalladam etc. also have resource
Shore Temple
Mahabalipuram Narasimhavarman II - 700 - 728 CE Pallava king (Rajasimha aka) Lord Shiva Free standing structural temple
Kailashnath Temple
Ellora
Single piece of rock
Lord Shiva
Rashtrakutas
Buland Darwaza
Commemorate Akbar’s victory in Gujarat
Aka Lofty Gate
Bhaona
Ankita Naat of Assam
Sutradhar begins in Sanskrit and then in Brajboli or Assamese
Cultural glimpses of Assam, Bengal, Orissa, Mathura and Brindavan
Tamaasha
Maharashtra
Female is chief exponent k/a Murki
Classical music, footwork at lightning speed and vivid gestures
Dashavtar
Konkan and Goa region
Wear masks of wood and papier mache
Personify 10 incarnations of Lord Vishnu
Buddhism-
Empty seat
Peepal Tree
Wheel
Empty seat - Meditation of Buddha
Peepal Tree - Enlightenment
Wheel - I sermon or Dhammachakraparivartan
Chaurapanchsika paintings
Kuldhar group of paintings
Illustrations of Chaurapanchasika by Bilhan, Gita Govinda, Bhagavata Purana and Rangmala
Purely indigenous
Brilliant contrasting colours
Kulharon which turbans are worn by male figures
Dravidian Style Temple
Gopuram Vimaan Temple tank Levelled ground Garbhagriha: Fierce dwarpalas or door keepers guarding temple
Nagara Style of Temple
Shikara
Raised platform
Garbhgriha: Mithunas or river goddesses
Pankhida
Regional music sung by peasants from Rajasthan
Sing and speak while playing Alfonzo and Manjira
Black and Red Ware
Megalithic ware
Up to 2nd BC
Practice of burying goods in graves
Dhrupad
Hindustani music
14 to 18 AD
Maharaja of Gwalior: Man Singh Tomar impetus
Swami Haridaas, Tansen
Anibaddha and Drupad proper
4 parts: asthayee, Antara, sanchari, abhoga
4 schools:
Gauhar vani: developed raga
Dagar vani: melodic curves and graces
Khandhar vani: Quick ornamentation of notes
Naihar vani: Broad musical leaps and jumps
Samkhya
Kapila
World owes its origin to prakriti (materialistic view) and Purusha or spirit (Spiritualistic view)
Salvation through acquisition of real knowledge through Pratyaksha, anuman and shabd
Badami Cave Paintings
Chalukya king Mangalesha Palace scenes Extension of tradition of mural paintings from Ajanta Affiliated by Vaishnava tradition 578-579 CE
Sattriya Dance
Introduced in 15th AD by Vaishnava saint Mahapurusha Sankaradeva
Preserved by Sattras I.e. Vaishnava maths
Bhaona related: Gayan - Bhayanar Nach to Kharmanar Nach
Dance numbers: Chali, Rajagharia Chali, Jhumura, Nadu Bhangi etc.
Chali: Gracefulness and elegance
Jhumura: Vigor and majestic beauty
Mohanjodaro
Bronze image of dancing girl
Mother goddess with plant growing from her womb
Bearded man
Neolithic Age
From 9000 BC Earliest farming communities Tools and implements of polished stone Microlithic blades Pottery first appears in this phase
Mihir Bhoja
Pratihara dynasty
Adopted title of Adivarsha
Devotee of Vishnu
Not Bhoja Parmaar of Ujjain
Uttaradhyaya Sutta
Jain Text
Prakrit
Described how a queen named Kamlavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world
Harshacharita
Banabhatta
Mrichchhakatika
Sudraka
Sanskrit
Set in ancient city Ujjayini during the reign of King Palaka, near the end of Pradyot dynasty
Story of young Brahmin Charudatta
Brihadishwara Temple
Thanjavur Shiva Temple Aka Rajarajeshwara Temple Rajaraja Chola - 1009 AD Huge lingam in two storeyed sanctum
Amarkosha
Amarsimha - Sanskrit
Court of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya
Nine gems
Dahsala, Batai, Nasaq
Land revenue systems by Akbar
Battle of Khanwa
1527
Babur defeated Rana Sanga
Secured his position
Battle of Kannauj
1540
Sher Shah defeated Humayun
First Battle of Panipat
1526
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi
Battle of Samugarh
1658
Aurangzeb defeated Dara to succeed Shah Jahan
Interests of Vijaynagar and Bahmani Kingdom clashed in three separate areas?
Tungabhadra Doab
Krishna Godavari Basin
Konkan Region
Kathak
Only classical dance with links to muslim culture and Hindustani music
Golden age 19th CE under Wajid Ali Shah of Oudh
Lucknow Gharana: Bhava
Jaipur Gharana: Layakari
Benaras Gharana
Ravanachhaya
Orissa
Puppets in one piece, no joints
Made of deer skin and in bold dramatic poses
Small in size
Putul Nautch
Nadia, West Bengal Carved out of wood Rod puppets Human size like Bunraku puppets in Japan 3 joints mostly Costumes like actors of Jatra
Yampuri
Bihar
Rod puppets
Made of wood
One piece, nojoints
Kundhei
Orissa String puppets Light wood Bolega but wear long flowing skirts More joints Jatra costumes
Humayun Nama
Gulbadan Begum
Glimpse into domestic world of Mughals
Padshah Nama or Badshah Nama
Abdul Hamid Lahori
Shah Jahan
3 volumes of 10 lunar years each
Prayag Prashasti
Allahabad Pillar Inscription Sanskrit - Harisena Samudragupta Ashokan Pillar - Bhrami script Samudragupta- Sanskrit Jahangir- Persian
Modhera Sun Temple
Gujrat
Bhimdev I Solanki dynasty
1026 AD
Surya kund in front
Hoysaleshvara Temple
Halebid, Karnataka Dark schist stone Hoysala king 1150 AD Hybrid or vesara style
Gol Gumbad (Bijapur)
Karnataka
Muhammad Adil Shah
1626 - 1656
Varaha image of Vishnu Aihole
Rescuing Earth goddess
Karnataka
6 CE
Travellers to Vijaynagar empire
Nicole di Conti: Italian Domingo Paes: Portuguese Fernao Nuniz: Portuguese Duarte Barbosa: Portuguese Abd al- Razzaq - Afghan
Ibn Batuta
Moroccan traveller
Reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq - appointed judge
Rihla - Arabic - 14 AD
