Ancient History Persia And Greece Flashcards
Who was the leader of the Persian Empire during the Battle of Thermopylae?
Xerxes I.
What is the term for the Greek city-state?
Polis.
Which Greek historian is known as the “Father of History”?
Herodotus.
What major battle in 490 BCE marked a significant Greek victory over Persia?
The Battle of Marathon.
What was the primary naval strategy used by the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis?
Luring the Persian fleet into narrow straits to negate their numerical advantage.
Which Persian king initiated the Greco-Persian Wars?
Darius I.
What is the Greek term for the heavily armed infantry soldiers?
Hoplites.
Name the alliance led by Athens to oppose Persian aggression.
The Delian League.
What empire was defeated by Alexander the Great leading to its downfall?
The Achaemenid Empire (Persian Empire).
What was the name of the Persian road system that facilitated communication across the empire?
The Royal Road.
What type of government was practiced in Athens during its golden age?
Direct democracy.
Who was the Spartan king at the Battle of Thermopylae?
King Leonidas.
What is the term for the Persian governors of provinces?
Satraps.
Which Greek city-state was known for its military-focused society?
Sparta.
What was the Persian religion that emphasized the struggle between good and evil?
Zoroastrianism.
What famous Greek structure was built under Pericles’ leadership in Athens?
The Parthenon.
What was the outcome of the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta defeated Athens.
Who were the Immortals in the Persian Empire?
An elite unit of 10000 soldiers in the Persian army.
What sea lies between Greece and Persia?
The Aegean Sea.
What was the name of the treaty that ended the Greco-Persian Wars?
The Peace of Callias.
Who was the philosopher who taught Alexander the Great?
Aristotle.
What was the primary purpose of the Delian League?
To protect Greek city-states from Persian aggression.
What battle ended the Persian invasion during the Greco-Persian Wars?
The Battle of Plataea.
What innovation helped the Greeks in naval warfare?
The trireme a fast and maneuverable ship.
What was the capital of the Persian Empire under Darius I?
Persepolis.
What is the term for the heavily armed cavalry used by the Persian army?
Cataphracts.
What league did Sparta form in opposition to Athens’ Delian League?
The Peloponnesian League.
What was the main language of the Persian Empire?
Old Persian.
Who led the Greek forces at the Battle of Marathon?
Miltiades.
What was the purpose of the Oracle at Delphi in ancient Greece?
To provide prophetic guidance from Apollo.
What famous structure did Xerxes I build to cross the Hellespont?
A pontoon bridge.
Which Greek city-state was known for its naval power?
Athens.
What significant cultural contribution did the Greeks make during the Classical Period?
The development of drama and theater.
What is the Persian term for a ceremonial king?
Shahanshah (“King of Kings”).
What was the primary economic activity of ancient Greece?
Trade and agriculture.
What was the strategic pass where the Battle of Thermopylae took place?
The Hot Gates.
What material was used for Greek hoplite shields?
Bronze.
Who was the Persian general defeated at the Battle of Marathon?
Datis.
What type of government was most common in ancient Persia?
Monarchy.
Which Greek philosopher wrote about ethics and the ideal state in his work The Republic?
Plato.
What role did the city of Susa play in the Persian Empire?
It served as an administrative and ceremonial capital.
What was the name of the alliance led by Sparta during the Peloponnesian War?
The Peloponnesian League.
What form of government is associated with Sparta?
Oligarchy.
Who was the Greek playwright famous for tragedies like Oedipus Rex?
Sophocles.
What Persian leader rebuilt the city of Babylon and expanded the empire?
Cyrus the Great.
What was the common currency introduced by the Persian Empire?
Daric gold coin.
Which Greek mathematician laid the foundation for geometry?
Euclid.
What significant architectural feature did Persepolis have?
Grand stone terraces and relief sculptures.
Who was the Athenian leader known for strengthening democracy and the navy?
Pericles.
What was the primary reason for the decline of the Persian Empire?
Overexpansion and internal revolts.
What is the Greek term for a fortified hilltop?
Acropolis.
Which Persian queen was known for her role in Xerxes’ court?
Queen Esther (in Jewish tradition).
What battle demonstrated the effectiveness of Greek phalanx formation?
The Battle of Chaeronea.
Who succeeded Darius I as king of Persia?
Xerxes I.
What was the primary focus of education in ancient Athens?
Philosophy arts
What material was used in the construction of the Parthenon?
Marble.
What Persian structure was used to store important texts and documents?
Archives at Persepolis.
What event marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Period?
The death of Alexander the Great.
What was the name of the Persian naval base destroyed by the Greeks?
Mycale.
Who was the first king to unite the Persian tribes?
Cyrus the Great.
What city became the cultural hub of the Hellenistic world?
Alexandria in Egypt.
What was the term for the elite guard of Athens’ democracy?
The Boule (Council of 500).
Which Persian practice promoted religious tolerance across the empire?
Allowing local customs and deities to be honored.
What is the term for Greek citizen-soldiers?
Hoplites.
What battle marked Alexander the Great’s first major victory against Persia?
The Battle of Granicus.
What was the function of the Persian postal system?
Efficient communication across the empire.
What major naval battle ended Persian influence in Greece?
The Battle of Salamis.
What was the relationship between Athens and its allies in the Delian League?
Athens dominated and controlled the League.
Which Persian king rebuilt the Jewish temple in Jerusalem?
Cyrus the Great.
What invention helped the Persians manage water resources in arid regions?
Qanats (underground canals).
Who was known as the “Tyrant Slayer” in Athens?
Harmodius and Aristogeiton.
What was the Greek fighting formation called?
Phalanx.
Who was the last ruler of the Achaemenid Persian Empire?
Darius III.
What is the significance of the Gordian Knot in Alexander’s conquest?
It symbolized his ingenuity and ambition.
Which city-state was the birthplace of democracy?
Athens.
What famous inscription lists the achievements of Darius I?
The Behistun Inscription.
What was the primary method of taxation in the Persian Empire?
Tribute system.
Who was the commander of the Persian fleet at Salamis?
Ariabignes.
What was the Spartan motto regarding returning from battle?
“With your shield or on it.”
What mountain range protected Persia from invasions in the east?
The Zagros Mountains.
Who was the Persian satrap who betrayed Xerxes during the Greco-Persian Wars?
Artabanus.
What Athenian festival honored the god Dionysus?
The Dionysia.
What innovation in architecture is associated with ancient Greece?
The use of columns (Doric Ionic
What was the Persian policy towards conquered peoples?
Religious and cultural tolerance.
What was the purpose of the Greek Olympic Games?
To honor Zeus.
What was the main military strength of the Persian Empire?
Cavalry and archery.
What famous philosopher taught by asking questions?
Socrates.
Which Athenian historian wrote about the Peloponnesian War?
Thucydides.
What was the capital of Lydia conquered by Persia?
Sardis.
What river marked the eastern boundary of Alexander’s empire?
The Indus River.
What was the name of the Persian ceremonial capital destroyed by Alexander?
Persepolis.
What is the name of the famous battle where Alexander defeated Darius III?
The Battle of Gaugamela.
What Greek island was the site of a significant naval base during the Greco-Persian Wars?
Delos.
What major Persian engineering feat helped supply water to cities?
Qanats (underground canals).
What was the term for the elite Persian bodyguards?
The Immortals.
What was the sacred Persian text of Zoroastrianism?
The Avesta.
What is the name of the lawgiver credited with reforming Athens?
Solon.
What was the Greek method of voting in Athens?
Ostracism (voting with pottery shards).
Who was known as the builder of the Persian Empire?
Cyrus the Great.
What Greek city-state was known for its disciplined military society?
Sparta.
