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Ancient History > Ancient History Persia And Greece > Flashcards

Ancient History Persia And Greece Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the leader of the Persian Empire during the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

Xerxes I.

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2
Q

What is the term for the Greek city-state?

A

Polis.

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3
Q

Which Greek historian is known as the “Father of History”?

A

Herodotus.

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4
Q

What major battle in 490 BCE marked a significant Greek victory over Persia?

A

The Battle of Marathon.

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5
Q

What was the primary naval strategy used by the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis?

A

Luring the Persian fleet into narrow straits to negate their numerical advantage.

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6
Q

Which Persian king initiated the Greco-Persian Wars?

A

Darius I.

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7
Q

What is the Greek term for the heavily armed infantry soldiers?

A

Hoplites.

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8
Q

Name the alliance led by Athens to oppose Persian aggression.

A

The Delian League.

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9
Q

What empire was defeated by Alexander the Great leading to its downfall?

A

The Achaemenid Empire (Persian Empire).

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10
Q

What was the name of the Persian road system that facilitated communication across the empire?

A

The Royal Road.

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11
Q

What type of government was practiced in Athens during its golden age?

A

Direct democracy.

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12
Q

Who was the Spartan king at the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

King Leonidas.

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13
Q

What is the term for the Persian governors of provinces?

A

Satraps.

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14
Q

Which Greek city-state was known for its military-focused society?

A

Sparta.

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15
Q

What was the Persian religion that emphasized the struggle between good and evil?

A

Zoroastrianism.

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16
Q

What famous Greek structure was built under Pericles’ leadership in Athens?

A

The Parthenon.

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17
Q

What was the outcome of the Peloponnesian War?

A

Sparta defeated Athens.

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18
Q

Who were the Immortals in the Persian Empire?

A

An elite unit of 10000 soldiers in the Persian army.

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19
Q

What sea lies between Greece and Persia?

A

The Aegean Sea.

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20
Q

What was the name of the treaty that ended the Greco-Persian Wars?

A

The Peace of Callias.

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21
Q

Who was the philosopher who taught Alexander the Great?

A

Aristotle.

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22
Q

What was the primary purpose of the Delian League?

A

To protect Greek city-states from Persian aggression.

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23
Q

What battle ended the Persian invasion during the Greco-Persian Wars?

A

The Battle of Plataea.

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24
Q

What innovation helped the Greeks in naval warfare?

A

The trireme a fast and maneuverable ship.

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25
Q

What was the capital of the Persian Empire under Darius I?

A

Persepolis.

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26
Q

What is the term for the heavily armed cavalry used by the Persian army?

A

Cataphracts.

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27
Q

What league did Sparta form in opposition to Athens’ Delian League?

A

The Peloponnesian League.

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28
Q

What was the main language of the Persian Empire?

A

Old Persian.

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29
Q

Who led the Greek forces at the Battle of Marathon?

A

Miltiades.

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30
Q

What was the purpose of the Oracle at Delphi in ancient Greece?

A

To provide prophetic guidance from Apollo.

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31
Q

What famous structure did Xerxes I build to cross the Hellespont?

A

A pontoon bridge.

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32
Q

Which Greek city-state was known for its naval power?

A

Athens.

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33
Q

What significant cultural contribution did the Greeks make during the Classical Period?

A

The development of drama and theater.

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34
Q

What is the Persian term for a ceremonial king?

A

Shahanshah (“King of Kings”).

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35
Q

What was the primary economic activity of ancient Greece?

A

Trade and agriculture.

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36
Q

What was the strategic pass where the Battle of Thermopylae took place?

A

The Hot Gates.

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37
Q

What material was used for Greek hoplite shields?

A

Bronze.

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38
Q

Who was the Persian general defeated at the Battle of Marathon?

A

Datis.

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39
Q

What type of government was most common in ancient Persia?

A

Monarchy.

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40
Q

Which Greek philosopher wrote about ethics and the ideal state in his work The Republic?

A

Plato.

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41
Q

What role did the city of Susa play in the Persian Empire?

A

It served as an administrative and ceremonial capital.

42
Q

What was the name of the alliance led by Sparta during the Peloponnesian War?

A

The Peloponnesian League.

43
Q

What form of government is associated with Sparta?

A

Oligarchy.

44
Q

Who was the Greek playwright famous for tragedies like Oedipus Rex?

A

Sophocles.

45
Q

What Persian leader rebuilt the city of Babylon and expanded the empire?

A

Cyrus the Great.

46
Q

What was the common currency introduced by the Persian Empire?

A

Daric gold coin.

47
Q

Which Greek mathematician laid the foundation for geometry?

A

Euclid.

48
Q

What significant architectural feature did Persepolis have?

A

Grand stone terraces and relief sculptures.

49
Q

Who was the Athenian leader known for strengthening democracy and the navy?

A

Pericles.

50
Q

What was the primary reason for the decline of the Persian Empire?

A

Overexpansion and internal revolts.

51
Q

What is the Greek term for a fortified hilltop?

A

Acropolis.

52
Q

Which Persian queen was known for her role in Xerxes’ court?

A

Queen Esther (in Jewish tradition).

53
Q

What battle demonstrated the effectiveness of Greek phalanx formation?

A

The Battle of Chaeronea.

54
Q

Who succeeded Darius I as king of Persia?

A

Xerxes I.

55
Q

What was the primary focus of education in ancient Athens?

A

Philosophy arts

56
Q

What material was used in the construction of the Parthenon?

A

Marble.

57
Q

What Persian structure was used to store important texts and documents?

A

Archives at Persepolis.

58
Q

What event marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Period?

A

The death of Alexander the Great.

59
Q

What was the name of the Persian naval base destroyed by the Greeks?

A

Mycale.

60
Q

Who was the first king to unite the Persian tribes?

A

Cyrus the Great.

61
Q

What city became the cultural hub of the Hellenistic world?

A

Alexandria in Egypt.

62
Q

What was the term for the elite guard of Athens’ democracy?

A

The Boule (Council of 500).

63
Q

Which Persian practice promoted religious tolerance across the empire?

A

Allowing local customs and deities to be honored.

64
Q

What is the term for Greek citizen-soldiers?

A

Hoplites.

65
Q

What battle marked Alexander the Great’s first major victory against Persia?

A

The Battle of Granicus.

66
Q

What was the function of the Persian postal system?

A

Efficient communication across the empire.

67
Q

What major naval battle ended Persian influence in Greece?

A

The Battle of Salamis.

68
Q

What was the relationship between Athens and its allies in the Delian League?

A

Athens dominated and controlled the League.

69
Q

Which Persian king rebuilt the Jewish temple in Jerusalem?

A

Cyrus the Great.

70
Q

What invention helped the Persians manage water resources in arid regions?

A

Qanats (underground canals).

71
Q

Who was known as the “Tyrant Slayer” in Athens?

A

Harmodius and Aristogeiton.

72
Q

What was the Greek fighting formation called?

A

Phalanx.

73
Q

Who was the last ruler of the Achaemenid Persian Empire?

A

Darius III.

74
Q

What is the significance of the Gordian Knot in Alexander’s conquest?

A

It symbolized his ingenuity and ambition.

75
Q

Which city-state was the birthplace of democracy?

A

Athens.

76
Q

What famous inscription lists the achievements of Darius I?

A

The Behistun Inscription.

77
Q

What was the primary method of taxation in the Persian Empire?

A

Tribute system.

78
Q

Who was the commander of the Persian fleet at Salamis?

A

Ariabignes.

79
Q

What was the Spartan motto regarding returning from battle?

A

“With your shield or on it.”

80
Q

What mountain range protected Persia from invasions in the east?

A

The Zagros Mountains.

81
Q

Who was the Persian satrap who betrayed Xerxes during the Greco-Persian Wars?

A

Artabanus.

82
Q

What Athenian festival honored the god Dionysus?

A

The Dionysia.

83
Q

What innovation in architecture is associated with ancient Greece?

A

The use of columns (Doric Ionic

84
Q

What was the Persian policy towards conquered peoples?

A

Religious and cultural tolerance.

85
Q

What was the purpose of the Greek Olympic Games?

A

To honor Zeus.

86
Q

What was the main military strength of the Persian Empire?

A

Cavalry and archery.

87
Q

What famous philosopher taught by asking questions?

A

Socrates.

88
Q

Which Athenian historian wrote about the Peloponnesian War?

A

Thucydides.

89
Q

What was the capital of Lydia conquered by Persia?

A

Sardis.

90
Q

What river marked the eastern boundary of Alexander’s empire?

A

The Indus River.

91
Q

What was the name of the Persian ceremonial capital destroyed by Alexander?

A

Persepolis.

92
Q

What is the name of the famous battle where Alexander defeated Darius III?

A

The Battle of Gaugamela.

93
Q

What Greek island was the site of a significant naval base during the Greco-Persian Wars?

A

Delos.

94
Q

What major Persian engineering feat helped supply water to cities?

A

Qanats (underground canals).

95
Q

What was the term for the elite Persian bodyguards?

A

The Immortals.

96
Q

What was the sacred Persian text of Zoroastrianism?

A

The Avesta.

97
Q

What is the name of the lawgiver credited with reforming Athens?

A

Solon.

98
Q

What was the Greek method of voting in Athens?

A

Ostracism (voting with pottery shards).

99
Q

Who was known as the builder of the Persian Empire?

A

Cyrus the Great.

100
Q

What Greek city-state was known for its disciplined military society?

A

Sparta.

Ancient History (2 decks)

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