ancient history Flashcards
1
Q
Who led the first Muslim invasion of India?
A
Mohammad Bin Qasim
2
Q
Which area did Mohammad Bin Qasim conquer in 712 AD?
A
Sindh
3
Q
Who led the first Turk invasion of India?
A
Mahmud of Ghazni
4
Q
How many expeditions did Mahmud of Ghazni lead to India?
A
17
5
Q
In which year did Mahmud of Ghazni raid the Somnath temple?
A
1025 AD
6
Q
What title did Mahmud of Ghazni receive from the Abbasid Caliph?
A
Yamin-al-Dawla (Right hand of the state)
7
Q
What is the other name of Mahmud Ghazni’s dynasty?
A
Yamini Dynasty
8
Q
Who led the second Turk invasion of India?
A
Mohammad Ghori
9
Q
What is Mohammad Ghori considered in terms of Muslim rule in India?
A
Founder of Muslim rule in India
10
Q
What were the main reasons for the success of Turks in India?
A
- Rajputas lacked unity and organization 2. No central government 3. Small and scattered Rajput kingdoms 4. Turks were better organized
11
Q
What political entity did Mohammad Ghori’s conquests give rise to?
A
The Delhi Sultanate
12
Q
How many distinct periods is the Delhi Sultanate divided into?
A
Five
13
Q
Name the five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate.
A
- Slave Dynasty 2. Khilji Dynasty 3. Tughlaq Dynasty 4. Sayyid Dynasty 5. Lodhi Dynasty
14
Q
Who founded the Slave Dynasty?
A
Qutubuddin Aibak
15
Q
What title was given to Qutubuddin Aibak for his generosity?
A
Lakh Bakhsh (giver of lakhs)
16
Q
How did Qutubuddin Aibak die?
A
He died in 1210 while playing Chaugan (Polo).
17
Q
Name the two mosques constructed by Qutubuddin Aibak.
A
Quwat-ul-Islam in Delhi and Adhai din ka Jhonpra in Ajmer.
18
Q
In whose honor was the Qutub Minar constructed?
A
Sufi Saint Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki.
19
Q
Who were the notable writers patronised by Qutubuddin Aibak?
A
Hasan-un-Nizami (author of Taj-ul-Massir) and Fakhr-i-Muddabir (author of Adab-al-harb-wa-shuja/Adab-al-Mulk).
20
Q
Who is considered the ‘real founder of the Delhi Sultanate’?
A
Shamsuddin Iltutmish.
21
Q
Which city did Iltutmish make the capital of the Delhi Sultanate?
A
Delhi (in place of Lahore).
22
Q
How did Iltutmish save Delhi from Chengiz Khan?
A
By refusing to shelter Jalaluddin Manglbarani, the Prince of Khwarizm, whom Chengiz was chasing.
23
Q
Which coins did Iltutmish introduce?
A
Silver tanka and copper jital.
24
Q
What system did Iltutmish organise for governance?
A
The Iqta system.
25
What was the group of 40 noble slaves set up by Iltutmish called?
Chahalgani or Chalisa.
26
Who completed the construction of the Qutub Minar?
Shamsuddin Iltutmish.
27
Who authored Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, a book patronised by Iltutmish?
Minhaj-us-Siraj.
28
Which ruler was deposed by Razia Sultana to ascend the throne?
Ruknuddin Firoz (son of Iltutmish).
29
Who was the first and only Muslim lady to ever rule India?
Razia Sultana.
30
Why was Razia Sultana disliked by the nobles?
Due to her preference for an Abyssinian slave, Yakut, and her policies.
31
Who revolted against Razia Sultana and imprisoned her?
Altunia, governor of Bhatinda.
32
Who did Razia Sultana marry after being imprisoned?
Altunia.
33
In which year was Razia Sultana assassinated?
1240 AD.
34
Who succeeded Razia Sultana after her death?
Bahram Shah (third son of Iltutmish).
35
Who was considered only a de jure ruler while the Naib-e-Mamlakat was the de facto ruler?
Bahram Shah.
36
How did Bahram Shah lose his life?
After his failed attempt to assert his authority.
37
Who conspired against Masud Shah, leading to his deposition?
Balban and Nasiruddin Mahamud's mother, Malika-e-Jahan.
38
Who was known as the 'Darvesi King' for his piety and nobility?
Nasiruddin Mahamud (ruled 1246-66).
39
Who broke the power of the Chalisa and restored the prestige of the crown?
Ghiyasuddin Balban.
40
What system did Balban use to keep himself well-informed?
He appointed spies.
41
What military department did Balban establish?
Diwan-i-Arz.
42
What title did Balban take, influenced by the Persian court model?
Zil-i-Ilahi (Shadow of God).
43
What salutation forms did Balban introduce at his court?
Sijda (prostration before the monarch) and Paibos (kissing the feet of the monarch).
44
Which grandson of Balban was seated on the throne but killed by the Khilji family?
Kaiqubad (1287-90).
45
Who founded the Khilji Dynasty in 1290?
Jalaluddin Khilji.
46
Who was Alauddin Khilji in relation to Jalaluddin Khilji?
Alauddin was his nephew and son-in-law.
47
What significant action did Alauddin Khilji take to separate religion from politics?
He proclaimed that "Kingship knows no Kinship."
48
Which territories did Alauddin Khilji annex during his rule?
Gujarat (1298), Ranthambhor (1301), Mewar (1303), Malwa (1305), Jalor (1311).
49
Who were the notable rulers that Alauddin Khilji defeated in the Deccan?
Chandra (Yadava ruler of Devagiri), Pratap Rudradeva (Kakatiya ruler of Warangal), Vir Ballal II (Hoyasala ruler of Dwarsamudra), and Vir Pandya (Pandya ruler of Madurai).
50
How did Alauddin Khilji attempt to avoid problems caused by the nobles?
By issuing four ordinances.
51
What did Alauddin Khilji's first ordinance aim at?
Confiscation of religious endowments and free grants of land.
52
What was the purpose of Alauddin Khilji's second ordinance?
Reorganizing the spy system.
53
What did Alauddin Khilji's third ordinance prohibit?
The use of wine.
54
What did Alauddin Khilji's fourth ordinance state about the nobles?
Nobles should not have social gatherings or inter-marry without his permission.
55
What system did Alauddin Khilji introduce for his army?
Dagh (branding of horses) and Chehra (descriptive roll of soldiers).
56
What officer was appointed by Alauddin Khilji to oversee revenue collection?
Mustakharaj.
57
How did Alauddin Khilji regulate prices and control markets in Delhi?
He set up three markets for food grains, costly cloth, and horses/slaves/cattle, controlled by high officers called Shahna, and monitored by Diwan-i-Riyasat and Shahna-i-Mandi.
58
What was the open market in Delhi called during Alauddin Khilji's reign?
Sara-i-Adal.
59
Which important fort and entrance gate did Alauddin Khilji build?
Alai Fort and Alai Darwaza.
60
What was the name of the palace built by Alauddin Khilji with a thousand pillars?
Hazar Sutun.
61
Who was Alauddin Khilji's favorite poet-musician?
Amir Khusrau.
62
Who seized the throne after Alauddin Khilji's death in 1316?
Malik Kafur (Hajardinari).
63
Who was nominated as king by Malik Kafur after Alauddin's death?
Shihabuddin (Alauddin's 6-year-old prince).
64
What happened to Mubarak Khan after Malik Kafur's death?
Mubarak Khan was freed from prison and captured the throne.
65
Who killed Mubarak Khan and assumed the title of Nasiruddin in 1320?
Khusrau Khan.
66
How did Khusrau Khan's reign end?
He was killed by Ghazi Malik, the governor of Dipalpur.
67
Who founded the Tughlaq dynasty?
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
68
Who was the last ruler of the Khilji dynasty?
Khusrau Khan
69
What title did Ghazi Malik assume after becoming Sultan?
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
70
Who succeeded Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq after his death?
Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq (Jauna/Ulugh Khan)
71
Which Tughlaq ruler tried to introduce several administrative reforms?
Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq
72
What was the controversial project regarding taxation initiated by Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq?
Increased taxation in the Doab (1326)
73
Where did Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq attempt to shift the capital from Delhi?
Devagiri (renamed Daulatabad)
74
What type of currency did Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq introduce in 1329?
Bronze token currency
75
What department did Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq create for agricultural reforms?
Diwan-i-Kohi
76
Which foreign regions did Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq plan to conquer during the Khurasan Expedition?
Khurasan and Iraq
77
What was the Qarachil Expedition launched to counter?
Chinese incursions and rebellious tribes in the Kumaon-Garhwal region
78
How many revolts occurred during Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq's reign?
36 revolts
79
Which kingdom became independent in 1335?
Madurai
80
Who founded the Vijayanagar Empire in 1336?
Harihar and Bukka
81
Which ruler declared Warangal independent from the Delhi Sultanate?
Kanhaiya
82
Who founded the Bahamani Kingdom in 1347?
Hasan Gangu
83
Where did Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq die?
Thatta (in Sindh)
84
Who succeeded Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq after his death?
Firoz Shah Tughlaq
85
What principle did Firoz Shah Tughlaq extend to nobles and the army?
The principle of heredity
86
How were soldiers paid under Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign?
Assignments on land revenue (Vajeha)
87
What tax became a separate entity during Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign?
Jizya
88
How many types of taxes were sanctioned by the Quran during Firoz Shah Tughlaq's time?
Four
89
What was the land tax imposed during Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign?
Kharaj
90
What percentage was Zakat during Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign?
2% on property
91
On whom was Jizya imposed?
Non-Muslims
92
What was Khams during Firoz Shah Tughlaq's time?
1/5 of the booty captured during war
93
What was the water tax imposed by Firoz Shah Tughlaq called?
Haque-i-Sharb or Hasil-i-Sharb
94
Which cities were credited to Firoz Shah Tughlaq's building efforts?
Fatehabad, Hisar, Jaunpur, and Firozabad
95
In whose memory was the city of Jaunpur founded?
Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq (Jauna Khan)
96
From where were the two pillars of Ashoka brought to Delhi by Firoz?
Topra (Haryana) and Merrut (U.P.)
97
What was the hospital established by Firoz Shah Tughlaq in Delhi called?
Dar-ul-Shifa
98
Which department was set up by Firoz Shah Tughlaq to make provisions for poor girls' marriages?
Diwan-i-Khairat
99
Who was Firoz Shah Tughlaq's Prime Minister, credited with maintaining peace during his reign?
Khan-i-Jahan Maqbul
100
When did Firoz Shah Tughlaq die?
1388
101
Which kingdoms broke away from the Delhi Sultanate after Firoz Shah's death?
Malwa, Gujarat, and Sharqi (Jaunpur) Kingdoms
102
Who invaded India in 1398-99 during Mahmud Shah Tughlaq's reign?
Timur
103
Who was appointed by Timur to rule over Punjab?
Khizr Khan
104
Who was the first ruler of the Sayyid Dynasty?
Khizr Khan
105
Who succeeded Khizr Khan on the throne?
Mubarak Shah
106
Who succeeded Muhammad Shah in the Sayyid Dynasty?
Alam Shah
107
Which dynasty began after the Sayyid Dynasty?
Lodhi Dynasty
108
Who was the first ruler of the Lodhi Dynasty?
Bahlol Lodhi
109
Who founded the Lodhi dynasty?
Bahlol Lodhi
110
Who conquered Bihar and Western Bengal during the Lodhi dynasty?
Sikandar Lodhi
111
Which city did Sikandar Lodhi found and make his capital?
Agra
112
What temple did Sikandar Lodhi destroy at Nagar Kot?
Jwalamukhi Temple
113
What measuring yard did Sikandar Lodhi introduce for cultivated fields?
Gaz-i-Sikandari
114
What was Sikandar Lodhi's pen name as a poet?
Gulrukhi
115
Who was the last king of the Lodhi dynasty?
Ibrahim Lodhi
116
Which battle led to Ibrahim Lodhi's death and the end of the Delhi Sultanate?
First Battle of Panipat (1526)
117
Who invited Babur to overthrow Ibrahim Lodhi?
Daulat Khan Lodhi
118
What was the cause of the decline of the Delhi Sultanate due to Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq?
Wild projects of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
119
How many slaves were there during Firoz Tughlaq's time, causing a burden on the treasury?
1,80,000 slaves
120
Who was the first Mongol leader to come up to the bank of the Indus during the Delhi Sultanate?
Chengiz Khan
121
Which Sultan fought back the Mongolians and recovered Multan in 1245 AD?
Balban
122
In which year did Balban defeat the Mongols?
1286 AD
123
What title was given to Prince Muhammad after his battle against the Mongols?
Khan-i-Shahid
124
Who invaded Northern India in 1292 AD, resulting in conversions to Islam?
Jalaluddin Khilji
125
Which Sultan defeated the Mongols at Jalandhar and Saldi?
Alauddin Khilji
126
Who was the leader of the Mongols captured by Ulugh and Zafar Khan?
Kutulugh Khan
127
What year did Tarmashirin Khan invade the outskirts of Delhi?
1329 AD
128
Under the Delhi Sultanate, who was the central political and military authority?
The Sultan
129
What is the role of the Wazir in the central administration?
Head of the Department of Finance (Diwan-i-Wizarat)
130
Who was responsible for the Military Department (Diwan-i-Ariz)?
Ariz-i-Mumalik
131
What department was responsible for correspondence?
Diwan-i-Insha
132
Who founded the Diwan-i-Kohi?
Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
133
Which department was established for the administration of slaves?
Diwan-i-Bandgan
134
What is the head of an Iqta called in the administrative division?
Muqti or Wali
135
Who is the head of a district (Shiq)?
Siqdar
136
What is the title of the head of a village (Gram)?
Muqaddam or Khut
137
Which architectural feature was introduced by Turkish conquerors under the Delhi Sultanate?
The dome
138
Name one characteristic of Tughlaq architecture.
Stark simplicity and sobriety
139
What is the first known example of a true or voussoired arch in Delhi?
Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Balban
140
Which period saw the establishment of the voussoired arch and dome usage in architecture?
Khilji period
141
Name one famous Tughlaq monument.
Fort of Tughlaqabad
142
Which architectural feature was prominent in Lodhi architecture?
Double domes
143
What does the 'Adhai Din ka Thonpra' at Ajmer have?
A beautifully carved Mehrab
144
Who wrote 'Tahqiq-i-Hind'?
Alberuni
145
Who was the court poet of Alauddin Khilji?
Amir Khusrau
146
Which book describes the reign of Iltutmish?
Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
147
Name the author of 'Tughlaq-Nama'.
Amir Khusrau
148
Which book by Ziauddin Barani describes the Tughlaq dynasty?
Fatawa-i-Jahandari
149
'Nuh-Siphir' is a poetic description of which ruler?
Alauddin Khilji
150
What is the 'Chach Namah' about?
History of Sindh region
151
Which text by Alberuni is about Indian sciences?
Kitab-fi-Tahqiq
152
Who authored 'Tarikha-i-Firoz Shahi'?
Ziauddin Barani
153
What is 'Qamas' by Firozabadi?
Dictionary of Arabic words
154
Name a famous building from the Lodhi period.
Moth ki Masjid
155
What is the historical significance of 'Taj-ul-Maathi'?
History of Ilbaris, the slave dynasty
156
Who wrote 'Laila-Majnu' during the Delhi Sultanate period?
Amir Khusrau
157
Who is the author of 'Shah Namah'?
Firdausi
158
What is 'Shah Namah' about?
Mahmud Ghazni's reign
159
Who wrote 'Kitab-ul-Rehla'?
Ibn Battutah
160
What type of work is 'Kitab-ul-Rehla'?
A travelogue with stories
161
Which book by Amir Khusrau describes Jalaluddin's conquests and life?
Miftah-ul-Futuh
162
Name a literary masterpiece by Amir Khusrau.
Multa-ul-Anwar
163
What historical period does 'Tarik-i-Firoz Shahi' by Shams-i-Shiraj Afif cover?
The Tughlaq dynasty
164
'Futuh-us-Salatin' by Isami is about which kingdom?
Bahmani Kingdom
165
Who were the founders of the Vijayanagar Empire?
Harihar and Bukka
166
The Vijayanagar Empire lay to the south of which kingdom?
Bahmani Kingdom
167
Which dynasty ruled Vijayanagar from 1336-1485?
Sangama Dynasty
168
Who founded the Saluva dynasty in Vijayanagar?
Saluva Narsimha
169
The Tuluva dynasty was founded by which ruler?
Veer Narsimha
170
Name the founder of the Aravidu dynasty.
Tirumala
171
Who built a dam across the Tungabhadra River in Vijayanagar?
Deva Raya I
172
During whose reign did Nicolo de Conti visit Vijayanagar?
Deva Raya I
173
Which Vijayanagar king was known as 'Praudh Deva Raya'?
Deva Raya II
174
Who introduced large-scale Muslim cavalrymen and archers in the Vijayanagar army?
Deva Raya II
175
What title, meaning 'the elephant hunter,' was given to Deva Raya II?
Gajabetekara
176
Which foreign kingdom paid tribute to Deva Raya II?
Sri Lanka
177
Who was the court poet of Deva Raya II?
Dindima
178
Who was given the title 'Kavisarvabhauma'?
Krishna Deva Raya
179
Which envoy visited Vijayanagar during Krishna Deva Raya's reign?
Abdur Razzak
180
Who founded the Saluva Dynasty?
Saluva Narsimha
181
Who were the two minors during the regency of Narsa Nayaka?
Tirumal and Immadi Narasimha
182
In which year did Vasco Da Gama land in Calicut?
1498
183
Who founded the Tuluva Dynasty?
Vira Narsimha
184
Which ruler was placed on the throne by Saluva Timma, the chief minister of Vira Narsimha?
Krishna Deva Raya
185
Name the Portuguese governor with whom Krishna Deva Raya maintained friendly relations.
Albuquerque
186
Krishna Deva Raya took which titles?
Yavanaraja Sthapnachrya, Abhinava Bhoja
187
What are the two known works of Krishna Deva Raya?
'Amuktamalyada' and 'Jambavati Kalyanam'
188
Who were the 'Ashtadiggajas' in the court of Krishna Deva Raya?
Eight celebrated Telugu poets
189
Name two Portuguese travelers who visited Vijayanagar during Krishna Deva Raya's reign.
Duarte Barbosa and Dominigo Paes
190
Who succeeded Krishna Deva Raya on the throne?
Achyuta Deva Raya
191
Which battle led to the destruction of Vijayanagar in 1565?
The Battle of Talikota
192
Which Italian traveler visited Vijayanagar in 1567-68 during Sadashiva Raya's reign?
Caesar Frederick
193
Which ruler's diplomacy divided the five successor states of the Bahmani Empire?
Rama Raja
194
Who executed Rama Raja after the Battle of Talikota?
Hussain Nizam Shah I
195
What was Krishna Deva Raya known as in Telugu culture?
Andhra Bhoj or Andhra Pitamaha
196
Name the Telugu literary work on polity written by Krishna Deva Raya.
'Amuktamalyada'
197
Who founded the Aravidu Dynasty?
Tirumala Raya
198
Which capital did Tirumala Raya shift to after failing to repopulate Vijayanagar?
Penugonda
199
What was the Navankar System associated with?
Provincial administration
200
What was the Ayangar System associated with?
Village administration
201
How many functionaries were involved in the Ayangar System at the village level?
12 functionaries
202
Name the heads of the Mandalam, Nadu, and Gram administrative units.
Mandaleswar (Province), Naduprabhu (District), Gauda (Village)
203
What were tax-free lands granted to officials called?
Manyams
204
What were the gold coins issued by Vijayanagar rulers called?
Varahas or Pagodas
205
Name the Vijayanagar social classes: Viprulu, Rajulu, Nalavajativaru, Vipravinodins, Kaikollas.
Viprulu: Brahmins, Rajulu: Kshatriyas, Nalavajativaru: Shudras, Vipravinodins: Artisans, Kaikollas: Weavers
206
Who was the engineer that brought the ruins of Vijayanagar at Hampi to light in 1800?
Colonel Colin Mackenzie
207
What is the architectural style attributed to Vijayanagar?
Provida Style
208
What animal is most commonly depicted on the pillars of Vijayanagar architecture?
Horse
209
What was the purpose of the Mandapa in Vijayanagar temples?
An open pavilion for seating deities
210
Name two important temples at Hampi.
Vithalswami Temple and Hazara Rama Temple
211
Which temples at Kanchipuram are notable from the Vijayanagar period?
Varadraja and Ekambarnath temples
212
What was unique about Vijayanagar temple walls?
Stories of the Ramayana and Mahabharata inscribed on walls
213
Who founded the Bahmani Kingdom?
Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (Hasan Gangu)
214
What was the first capital of the Bahmani Kingdom?
Gulbarga
215
Who was considered the greatest ruler of the Bahmani Empire?
Tajuddin Firoz Shah
216
What was Tajuddin Firoz Shah’s goal for the Deccan?
To make it the cultural center of India
217
Which two ports did Tajuddin Firoz Shah focus on developing for trade?
Chaul and Dabhol
218
Who moved the Bahmani capital from Gulbarga to Bidar?
Ahmad Shah Wali
219
Name the five successor kingdoms of the Bahmani Empire.
Berar, Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Golconda, Bidar
220
Who was the founder of the Imad Shahi dynasty in Berar?
Fataullah Imad
221
Which Mughal ruler annexed Berar?
Ahmadnagar in 1574
222
Who founded the Adil Shahi dynasty in Bijapur?
Yusuf Adil Shah
223
In which year was Bijapur annexed by the Mughals?
1686 by Aurangzeb
224
Who founded the Nizam Shahi dynasty in Ahmadnagar?
Malik Ahmad
225
Which Mughal ruler annexed Ahmadnagar?
Shah Jahan in 1633
226
Who established the Qutub Shahi dynasty in Golconda?
Quli Qutub Shah
227
When was Golconda annexed by the Mughals?
1687 by Aurangzeb
228
Who founded the Barid Shahi dynasty in Bidar?
Amir Ali Barid
229
Which kingdom annexed Bidar?
Bijapur in 1610
230
Who was the greatest ruler of the Adil Shahi dynasty?
Ibrahim Adil Shah
231
Which structure, famous for its "Whispering Gallery," was built by Muhammad Adil Shah?
Gol Gumbaz
232
Who designed Gol Gumbaz?
Yaqut of Dabul
233
Which Qutub Shahi ruler built the Golconda Fort and the city of Hyderabad?
Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah
234
What was Hyderabad originally called?
Bhagyanagar
235
Name the capital and founder of the Jaunpur (Sharqui) kingdom.
Capital: Jaunpur, Founder: Malik Sarwar (Khwaja Jaha)
236
Who founded the Malwa kingdom, and what were its capitals?
Founder: Dilawar Khan Ghori, Capitals: Dhar, Mandu
237
Who was the founder of the Gujarat kingdom, and what was its capital?
Founder: Ahmad Jafar Khan Muzaffar Shah, Capital: Ahmadabad
238
Who was the founder of the Bengal kingdom, and what were its capitals?
Founder: Shamsuddin Iliyas Shah, Capitals: Lakhnawati, Pandua, Ekdala
239
Name the capital and founder of the Khandesh kingdom.
Capital: Burhanpur, Founder: Malik Raza Faruqui
