Ancient Greek Objects (33) Flashcards

to learn the locaiton, time and significance of different greek objects

1
Q

what were linear b tablets made of?

A

soft clay tablets with the written down version of early greek

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2
Q

where and when were linear B tablets from

A

the citadels of knossos and pylos from 1500-1200 bc

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3
Q

why were linear B tablets made

A

they were adminsitrative records

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4
Q

what is the wider historical significance of linear b tablets?

A

tells us the mycenaeans spoke greek and also worshipped the greek gods, and gives us a wider view at the complexity of the mycenaean society

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5
Q

what were the lion gates of hattusa and mycenae?

A

similarly built protective gateways with lions protecting the front

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6
Q

where/when are the lion gates from?

A

found at the palaces of knossos and pylos in 1300c

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7
Q

why were the lion gates made

A

to protect and preserve administrative records

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8
Q

why were the lion gates signficant?

A

they show a stronger connection between the mycenaean greeks and the greater power clubs, specifically the hittites and also a deep connection to the east (egpyt) where lions were a symbol of power

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9
Q

what was the uluburun shipwreck?

A

the shipwreck of a ship meant to deliver and retrieve trading materials from the east to the aegean

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10
Q

where/when is the shipwreck of uluburun from

A

along the coast of uluburun turkey in 1300 bc

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11
Q

what is the significance of the uluburun shipwreck?

A

it was full of copper oxhide ignots, tin and raw materials for glass (all of which were found in different locations around the world) and suggested a large intricate trading route/system between the mycenaean greeks and the other late bronze age nations

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12
Q

what was the inscription of ramses and why was it made?

A

an inscription in the tomb of ramses lll describing a funerary dedication to the pharoh and his greatness

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13
Q

where was the inscription of ramses lll found?

A

luxor, egypt in 1177-1186 bc

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14
Q

why is the inscription of ramses significant?

A

it tells us how during the fall of the late bronze age, the egyptians believe sea people were responsible for the destrution of the power even though the sea people were more likely to be refugees and the collapse of the lba was moreso a domino affect

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15
Q

what is the burial of heroon at lefkandi and why was it made

A

a filled in building used as a burial site for a rich aristocratic couple to show off their wealth, it consisted of 4 horses and several different types of heirloom pottery and jewelery

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16
Q

when/where was the heroon of lefkandi

A

Lefkandi in Euboea in the 9th and 10th bc

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17
Q

why is the heroon of lefkandai significant?

A

it showed that even after the collapse of the lba these people were rich enough to waist precious resources, showing thier status. furthermore the heirlooms were from past trade routes (and countries like syria) as trade routes had disappeared during their period of social hierarchy

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18
Q

what was nestors cup and why was it made?

A

a cup with inscriptions on it and euboean decorations, made to drink and pay homage to homer

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19
Q

when/where was nestors cup made?

A

pithekoussai in 740-720bc

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20
Q

why was nestors cup important?

A

it had a joke written on it in the form of a curse, which indicates the popularity of homer within this era of greece, especially as the cup comes from an area near italy which indicates the spreading of greek culture as they mobilized and developed mixed cities

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21
Q

what was homeric quote 1 and why was it written

A

a quote from the odyssey a poem about odysseus’s journey home

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22
Q

where/when

A

no idea ask kirah

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23
Q

why was homeric quote 1 important

A

evidence of interaction with other cultures + homer probably wasn’t just one guy

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24
Q

what was homeric quote 2 and why was it written

A

a quote from the illiad (story of the trojan wore) describing the helmet of odysseus that would have been from the mycenaean period

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25
Q

when was homeric quote 2

A

the helm was from mycenae in 1300 bc

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26
Q

why was homeric quote 2 important

A

the helm being described as a traditional mycenaean warrior helm suggests that the stories in homer were passed down orally for several centuries (homer is probably not just one person)

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27
Q

what was the dreros law decree? why was it made?

A

the earliest known law decree, which sets limits on the power of kosmos (a powerful official) and adds roles for the demoi (people), and sets a time limit for how long people can sit in a position of power with rules they must abide

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28
Q

when/where was the inscription of dreros made?

A

temple of apollo in crete in the 7th c bc

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29
Q

why was the dreros law decree important?

A

it depicts the transition of power between people in the city and the experiments with democracy

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30
Q

what was corinthian pottery and why was it made

A

pottery created by the corinthians in a pottery style adopted from eastern cultures called black-figure pottery which made the corinthians really famous and popular

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31
Q

where and when was corinthian pottery made?

A

corinth in 600-500 bc

32
Q

why was corinthian pottery important

A

it shows a new style and connection to the near east as well as the thriving pottery trade of this era (trade is back!!)

33
Q

what is archaic greek coinage and why was it made

A

coins made of naturally occuring gold/silver alloys used for trade

34
Q

when/where did archaic greek coinage originate?

A

lydia in 7th c bc

35
Q

why was archaic greek coinage important?

A

it introduced competition between the greek cities and their own coinage styles (new measurement of wealth)

35
Q

what was colonisation and why did it happen?

A

greek ‘mother’ cities sending people out to defeat natives in order to spread greek culture

35
Q

when and where did colonisation occur?

A

sicily, south italy, asia minor (9th c bc) , and places like france, spain and north africa (7th c bc)

36
Q

why was colonisation significant?

A

the greeks were looking for resources for their mother cities and would go to the oracle of delphi for info on where to colonize, the colonies would maintin their connections with greek and its language and culture but somehow became more greek

37
Q

what was the delphi charioteer and why was it made

A

a bronze chariot statue dedicated to Polyzalos commemorating his win of the pythian games (the charioteer driver was his slave)

38
Q

when/where is the charioteer of delphi from

A

Gela, sicily in 466bc and kept in the panhellenic sanctuary of delphi 479/474 bc

39
Q

why was the charioteer of delphi significant?

A

gave status to the victor in the panhellenic sanctuary and kept the fame of the victor alive for generations

40
Q

what was the siphnian treasury and why was it made

A

treasuries built of marble to house offerings from the siphnans to show off their wealth

41
Q

when/where were the siphnian treasuries from

A

sifnos before 525 bc

42
Q

why were the siphnian treasuries important

A

built in the ionic style of its eastern home city, the treasuries displayed local myths for everyone to see and also showed off the wealth of the small island

43
Q

what is the passage from tyrtaeos?

A

a passage of the consitution of tyrtaeos, used as contemporary evidence for the great rhetra (the consitution showed the significance of the oracle to governments)

44
Q

when/where is the passage of tyrtaeos from

A

sparta in 7th c bc

45
Q

why was the passage of tyrtaeos important

A

it showed the first signs of structured government (two hereditary kings, 30 statesmen, assembly of citizens) and ads debate to the validity of tyrataeos

46
Q

what were the tyrannicides and why were the made

A

roman marble statues of harmodius and aristogetion (lovers) who “killed” a tyrant (they killed the wrong brother) but were revered anyways. the statue was made to replace the og (bronze) statue stolen by the persians

47
Q

when/where were the tyrannicides made?

A

athenian agora 475bc

48
Q

why are the tyrannicides important

A

showed the athenians shift away from tyranny, and the story was so famous there were drinking songs and they were famous in persia and rome (they were quoted on drinking cups and pottery and gravestones) and gave way to democracy in athens

49
Q

what was the cyrus cylinder and why was it made?

A

clay cylinder encapsuating the way cyrus was remembered after conquering babylon

50
Q

when/where was the cyrus cylander made?

A

temple of marduk, in babylon in 6th c bc

51
Q

why is the cyrus cylander important

A

cyrus adopted the religion of the babylonians and used that to gain their trust and justify his overtake, showing himself as the chosen one and restoring babylonian tradition

52
Q

what was the treasury of the athenians why was it made

A

treasury dedicated by the athenians to apollo after their victory against the persians in the battle of marathon, and diplays the exploits of theseus

53
Q

where/when was the athenian treasury made

A

panhellenic sanctuary of delphi in 490 bc

54
Q

why was the athenian treasury important

A

displays the exploits, wealth and prestige of athens, claims the credit of the win to athens and started an ideological battle between greeks and persians

55
Q

what was the serpent column of delphi

A

serpent shaped coloumn from the spartans following their land battle against the persians. it was built to brag about their defeat

56
Q

when/where is the serpent coloumn from?

A

panhellenic sanctuary of delphi, 5th c bc

57
Q

why was the serpent coloumn important

A

procalims the newfound unity of greek cities and lists all the cities working together but also shows athens and spart claiming glory (limited to 31 cities)

58
Q

what was ostraka (ostracism)

A

plates that would be inscribed with the name of politicians/generals and then smashed in order to symbollically exile them

59
Q

when was ostraka made?

A

5c bc in the athenian agora

60
Q

why was ostracism important?

A

gave everyday athenian citizens power over who was in charge of the city and helped them grow their political prowess

61
Q

what were tribute lists

A

huge marble inscriptions with records of the yearly payed of aparchai taken from the tithe set of “allies” of the delian league after the league was moved to athens

62
Q

when/where were tribute lists

A

athenian acropolis after 454bc

63
Q

why were tribute lists significant

A

the money being taken was mostly used to strength athens (however 1/60th went to athena) and it marked the beginning of athenian control over the delian league

64
Q

The parthenon

A

victory momument comission by pericles dedicated to athena, celebrating the athenian victory against the persians, trojans, and amazons. It was made in athens in 447-432 bc and it was a statement of power because of its cost

65
Q

the athenian empire

A

two different speeches by thuycidides describing pericles discussing positives and negatives of the athenian empire in athens in 430s bc. the overbearing behaviour of the athenians incited people to leave and partner with sparta

66
Q

the megarian decree

A

a trade embargo on the people of megara by athens in 432 bc, due to megaras betrayl of athens. megara is right between corinth and athens and if athens had removed their embargo the penopolesian war wouldn’t have happened

67
Q

statue of nike

A

marble statue made by paionios in 425 bc olympia as an offering from the messenian after there exploit of sphakteria, showing that panhellenic sanctuaries were stil a place to brag even against other greeks (they didnt mention they beat sparta bc sparta was powerful)

68
Q

dexilaos

A

funeral monument for a 10 yr old cavalry boy in the corinthian war, from athens in 494/3bc and shows that even after being beat by spartans 8 yrs prior they recovered finatially, anf the boy was the first recorded birth day

69
Q

revolution of macedonian fighting

A

king phillip revamping his army by changing its structute by paying the army, introduced the sarissa, cavalry and new siege warfare in macedon around 359bc. intro of paid work made people wanr to loot and conquer enemy armies to pay their soldiers

70
Q

Phillipeon

A

tholos temple made at the panhellenic sanctuary of zeus at olympia, to celebrate the victory of the battle of chaeronea after 338 bc. alexander took over, finished it and put gold statues of his family, deifying them (shows the changing relationship with the gods)

71
Q

Babylonian astronomical diary

A

daily astronomical diary made clay and written cuneiform, in babylon 11 june 323 bc and decribes the death of alexander, and also his acceptance of persian culture and local babylonian culture (rare examply of primary contemporary evidence)

72
Q

hellenistic coin of lysimachus

A

silver tetradachum with the head of deified alexander (rams horms of the god amun) and athena holding nike on the other side. 305-281 bc and it claims connection to alexander and legitamized lysimachus’s sucsesstion to alexander.

73
Q

the rosetta stone

A

fragment of a stele made of a slab granodite in memphis egypt, 196bc, it was a decree made by ptolemy the 5th about setting up a divine cult. it was written in greek, demotic egyptian, and hieroglyphic egyptian. show the mixing of cultures and the language and politics of egypt at the time. furthermore, it lead to the translation of hieroglyphics.

74
Q

the alter of zeus at pergamon

A

outdoor model for burning sacrifices to zeus in pergamon 188bc. symbol of status and power and connection to the greek world as seen with the carvings of greek myths, while on the inside they connected pergamon to telephos, son of hercules similr to the way alexander worked to deify himself

75
Q

Funerary athenian pots

A

amphora or krater shaped pottery decorated with human scenery (for the first time since lba) in athens in 750-730bc) because it cost less and was more standardized, byt also showed that people were more concerned with displaying their riches in sanctuaries