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Ancient Greece - The Archaic Age Flashcards

1
Q

Coins

A

Originate in Lydia. Facilitate trade. Way for polis to brand themselves.

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2
Q

Athenian “Owls”

A

Coins made in Athens. International circulation.

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3
Q

Inscriptions

A

Writing on stone

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4
Q

Decree of Cyrene

A

Thera colony, permission by Apollo. Colonists chosen by polis.

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5
Q

Polis

A

City-state

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6
Q

Agora

A

Marketplace

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7
Q

Acropolis

A

“Top of polis”. Housed political buildings and temples.

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8
Q

Civic religion

A

Religious worship as a polis.

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9
Q

Orthodoxy

A

Correct beliefs.

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10
Q

Orthopraxy

A

Correct actions.

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11
Q

Colonization

A

Required approval from Apollo (Oracle of Delphi). New city is independent but respects mother city (metropolis).

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12
Q

The Oracle of Delphi

A

Delivered prophecies from Apollo. Priestess called the “Pythia”.

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13
Q

Hoplite

A

Greek heavy infantry. Bronze armor, round shield, long spear.

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14
Q

Phalanx

A

Rectangle formation.

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15
Q

Monarchy

A

Rule by a king.

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16
Q

Tyranny

A

Aristocrats who become autocrats. Takeover from previous regime.

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17
Q

Oligarchy

A

Rule by the few (typically aristocrats).

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18
Q

Democracy

A

Rule by the people.

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19
Q

The Olympics

A

Held every 4 years. Athletics, religious rituals, art, and literature.

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20
Q

Ionia

A

Region in western Turkey.

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21
Q

Herodotus

A

First historian. “Father of history”.

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22
Q

Thucydides

A

Athenian general in the Peloponnesian War. Wrote about the Peloponnesian War (historian).

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23
Q

Athens

A

Largest polis by size and population. Most politically powerful and influential.

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24
Q

Property Classes

A

Officially divided groups of citizens based on wealth. Only the rich can be archons, but now all male citizens can vote.

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25
Direct Democracy
Anyone can speak and have the final say by vote.
26
Rhetoric
The art of speaking well.
27
Trireme
Ancient ramming warship.
28
Magistrate
Holders of political offices.
29
Archon
Initially 3, later 9 head magistrates in Ancient Athens. Chosen by council.
30
Assembly
Where citizens vote.
31
Lot
Picking by lottery.
32
Boule
New council. Chosen by lot. 500 men, one year term, eventually everyone serves.
33
Strategos
General. Always 10, only elected political office.
34
Ostracism
Banishment. Everyone can write a name once a year. Loser banished for 10 years.
35
Solon
Lawgiver and poet.
36
Debt slavery
Middle class people who spiraled into debt and became slaves. Practice outlawed by Solon.
37
Peisistratus
Tyrant who seized power in Athens three times.
38
Alcmaeonids
One of Athens' oldest aristocrat families.
39
Hippias
Successor to Peisistratus.
40
Hipparchus
Brother to Hippias.
41
The Tyrannicides
Harmodius and Aristogeiton assassinate Hipparchus. Both are executed.
42
Cleisthenes
Aristocrat and Alcmaeonid. Founder of Athenian Democracy. Broke up regional factions by expanding the tribes.
43
Pericles
Alcmaeonid. Athenian general during Peloponnesian Wars. Elected Strategos 21 times.
44
Themistocles
Convinced Athenians to invest in Athens navy.
45
Lysias
Speech writer. Metic. Wrote in defense of Euphiletos. Considered top orator.
46
Euphiletos
Character in Lysias' "Murder of Erastothenes". Accused of murdering Erastothenes.
47
Erastothenes
Murdered by Euphiletos for seducing his wife.
48
Athenian Citizenship
Both parents must be citizens (Pericles' Law).
49
Metic
Resident alien of Athens.
50
Autocthony
Belief that Athenians sprang from the ground.
51
Panathenaea
Festival for Athena held in Athens.
52
Civic Religion
Worship as a polis.
53
Panhellenic Religion
Worship as Greeks.
54
Mystery cult
Worship as an individual. Rites were secret.
55
Eleusinian Mysteries
Athenian mystery cult. Welcomed everyone except barbarians.
56
Literacy
No mass literacy (no public education).
57
Symposium
Aristocratic drinking party.
58
Logographer
Speech writer.
59
Athenian Women
Lived on a separate floor from men (Upstairs). Were not allowed to leave home unless for festival or funeral.
60
Guardian
Athenian women dependent on male guardian.
61
The Spartan Mirage
The idealized view of ancient Spartans.
62
Lacedaemonia
The territory around Sparta. Lacedaemonians is another word for Spartans.
63
Spartiate
Spartan citizen
64
Kleros
An equal plot of land allotted to all Spartiates.
65
Helot
Spartan slave. Originally enslaved inhabitants of Messene.
66
Lycurgus
Lawgiver of Sparta. Left Sparta in order to not threaten his nephews succession. Returned at a later date and remade Spartan society. Killed himself when Spartans said they would not reform laws until he returned.
67
Spartiate women
Educated at home. Higher literacy rates than women across Greece. Did not work, regularly exercised.
68
Agoge
Education for Spartan boys. Left home at 7 to be trained here.
69
Krupteia
"Secret service". Made to live off the land and finally kill a helot.
70
Perioikoi
Free, but not Spartan citizens. Equivalent in status to Athenian metics.
71
Spartan Kings
Sparta had 2 kings from 2 different bloodlines. Both Heraklids. One always stays in Sparta.
72
Ephors
Board of 5 magistrates. Elected by assembly. Could bring anyone before Gerousia for trial. 1 year term.
73
Gerousia
"The old men". 60+ years old, 28 members. Lifetime appointment. Proposed legislation to the assembly.
74
Spartan Assembly
Any male Spartiate could participate. Only voted on proposals (no debates). Voted by acclamation.
75
Acclamation
Vote shouting.
76
The Peloponnesian League
Alliance of Peloponnesian and other poleis. Led by Sparta. Dominated Archaic Age politics.

Classics (3 decks)

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