Ancient Greece - Chapter 10 Flashcards
Cavalry
A unit of soldiers who ride horses. Persia had a strong cavalry
Zoroastrian
Religion in Persia during the Rule of Darius I. Taught that 2 forces were fighting for control of the universe
Cyrus The Great
He let conquered people keep their own customs. He led a revolt against the Medes. He started the Persian empire, it covered much southwest Asia. He started the immortals. When he died, his son Cambyses took over but then Cambyses died
Darius I
He claimed the throne and killed his rivals. He expanded the Persian Empire. Darius I came up with 4 ideas to make life in Persia better. He divided the Persian Empire into 20 Providences. He built many roads including the 1700 mile royal road. He built a new capital called Persepolis. He created mail service
Xerxes I
He is the son of Darius I. He tried to conquer Greece. He was part of the Battle of Thermopylae. He was in the battle of Salamis. He burned down Athens
Battle of Marathon
1st Persian War. Athens won. Athens won because of better strategy. Greeks helped revolt, so Darius and Persia attacked. Sparta did not fight. Phidipides ran 26.2 miles to Athens and that’s how the Marathon got its name
Battle of Thermopylae
Second Persian War. 300 Spartans fought the Persians. All of the Spartans died. Athenian soldiers went back to prepare for another fight. Persia won.
Battle of Salamis
Second Persian War, The Athenian navy battles the Persian navy. Athens and Greece won. Persians stop invasion. Greece is saved.
Alliance
An agreement to work together.
Sparta Boys and Men
They started training at 7 years old. They retire at 60. They inspect newborn and only strong survive. Faced many hardships. No luxuries. Life wasn’t easy
Sparta Girls and Women
Had more rights because men were at war. Trained in athletics. Had to be strong. Slaves (Herots) did housework and farming
Sparta Government
Sparta was ruled by 2 kings and elected officials.
Boys and Men in Athens
Rich boys trained their minds while also training in athletics.
Served in army between ages 18-20.
Often had private tutors.
Poor boys farmed.
Girls and Women in Athens.
Few rights.
Must obey husbands or fathers.
Couldn’t own property. Stayedd home and helped mothers in the house.
No physical training like Spartan girls.
Athens Government
First democaracy.
People could vote if they were citizens.
Citizens = adult men born in Athens
Delian League
Alliance led by Athens.
Peloponnesian league
Alliance led by Sparta.
Peloponnesian War
Sparta vs. Athens.
Lasted many years.
Sparta surrounded Athens.
Plague tore through Athens killing one of every three people.
Sparta finally defeated Athens and destroyed their navy.
Alexander The Great
King of Macedonia.
Son of Philip II.
Defeated the Persian Empire.
Took over Egypt.
Spread Greek ideas all around the world.
Had the library at Alexandria, Egypt built.
Died at age 33.
Phalanx
A group of soldiers who fought closely together in a square formation.
Used shields for protection.
Macedonians had long spears they used in the formation.
Hellenistic
Means “Greek - Like”.
A combination of Greek culture with the exsisting culture of the area.
Created during Alexander the Great’s reign
Philip II
King of Macedonia.
Father of Alexander the Great.
Brilliant military leader.
Led Macedonia to conquer Greece.
Alexander’s accomplishment
- Ruled on of the largest empires ever.
- Spread Greek culture - art, literature. Science - “Hellenistic”
Reason
Clear and Ordered thinking
Philosophers
People that believed in the power of the mind to think about, explain, and understand the meaning of life.
Socrates
Believed people must never stop looking for knowledge.
He questioned everyting, including “love” and “courage”
