Ancient Greece Flashcards
The geography of ancient greece
Greece is full of mountains which made it difficult to make long journeys by land. Mountains,seas and islands formed natural barriers between the Greek city-states and forced the Greeks to settle along the coast. The geography of the region helped to shape the goverment and culture of the Ancient Greeks
How the geography influenced trade
Greece’s hot, dry summers and only rain in winter made them cultivate crops such as olives and grapes which they used to produce olive oil and wine. They had a lot of clay which they used to create pottery. They had access to the sea which made Them set up colonies which gave them access to resources that were not plentiful such as metals, grains and timbre. In exchange the Greeks traded the goods they had such as pottery, olive oil and wine. With new goods came the opportunity to create new jobs which led the greeks to produce more goods. With more goods the Greeks were able to trade more. With more trade the greeks
The period of Ancient Greece came after the _____
Dark ages
The period of ancient Greece was followed by the ____
Roman empire
Name 4 events that occurred in the Archaic period
First Olympic games, Homer wrote Iliad and Odyssey, Draconian laws introduced and democracy introduced.
What are the 3 periods of Ancient Greece
Archaic, classical, hellenistic
Name 5 events that occurred in the Classical period
The Persian wars, theatre becomes popular, the parthenon is built, Peloponnesian wars and Alexander the Great begins his conquests.
Name 2 events that occurred in the Hellenistic period
Alexander the Great dies, Rome conquers Greece
Who was Homer?
Author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
Who was Herodotus?
Greek historian
Who was Socrates?
he was a Greek philosopher and founder of what is known as the socratic method - where probing questions are used to develop understanding
Who was Aristotle?
Greek philosopher, scientist and mathematician and taught Alexander the Great.
What was the history of Athens and Sparta.
Athens and Sparta were the two main city states that ruled much of ancient Greece. They were often rivals and fought each other in the Peloponnesian Wars. At other times they united together in order to protect the Greek lands from invaders.
The cultures of the two cities were very different. Sparta was almost entirely focused on war and how to fight, while Athens focused on the arts and learning.
What were the differences and similarities between Athens and Sparta?
Athens had the largest city, they were rich, they had democracy, they had education where they learnt to reading and write. They also learnt about music and art. They had a strong navy.
Sparta had the strongest military, they were athletic and physically fit. They trained boys to be warriors. They won the Peloponnesian wars.
They were both greek city states and they both had political power. They both had slaves and trade. They had the same religion and language.
Why was Mount Olympus important?
They believed that the 12 Olympian gods lived on the mountain. And humans cld be invited to visit! It was a sacred mountain and the tallest in ancient greece.
Why was Delphi significant to the ancient Greeks?
Because they built a temple there to the god Apollo. And they believed that you could go there and talk to the gods. This was known as the Oracle of Delphi.
What is a colliny
An area or country under the full or partial control of another country and occu- pied by settlers from that country.
What is an acropolis
The top of a hill, where city-states were charac- teristically built. The majority of the polises population lived in the city, as it was the cenre of trade, commerce, culture and politial activity.
What are Perioikoi
Conquered ‘free’ people who lived in Spartan lands but were not Spartan citizens.
Helots: S
What are helots
Spartan slaves who held no status.
4 social classes of Athens:
slaves, freedmen, metics + citizens
What are Spartiates/Homoioi:
Male citizens who were finished their military training.
What is Oligarchy:
Only land- owning men were al- lowed to vote or run for office.
What are Hoplites
Spartan heavily armed foot soldiers.
What is an Agoge
A military academy where Spartan boys went for training.
concepts
Abstract ideas that help historians to organise their thoughts and to
make sense of the past.
Evidence
Evidence
Reliability
Whether a source is trustworthy or not.
Chronology
The order in which events happen in history.
Change
How things change over time.
Continuity
How things stay the same over time.
Continuity
How things stay the same over time.
Significance
The process used to evaluate what events are important/more
important than others.
Anachronism
A thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which
it exists.
Bias
Where an individual experiencing or writing about an event only takes
into account their point of view.
A primary source:
A type of source that comes from the time that the historian is studying, created maybe by someone who witnessed the event being studied. Eg. Archaeological remains, photographs, personal journal
A secondary source:
A type of source that is written long after the event by someone who relied on the accounts of those who witnessed the event or were alive at the time.A type of source that is written long after the event by someone who relied on the accounts of those who witnessed the event or were alive at the time.
History is a study of the past which differs …
depending on one’s perspective
name 5 key feuters of the greek religion
The greek religion was polytheistic with may gods actively involved in daily life - but not always benevolent
like people, the gods were fallible and gave into temptation.
There was a hierarchical structure, some gods were more important than others and more powerful
gods were assigned a role that they fulfilled in daily life
the greek gods were known as the olympians led by zeus
The Greek gods were portrayed as
powerful with an excellent physique – this symbolized how significant they were to the people.
What is Greek methology
Greek methology consists of all stories and tales about greek gods, goddessesand heroes.
ostracism
the process where any citizen , including political leaders could be expelled from the city state for 10 years. once a year Athenian citizens would nominate people.
social networking
social networking was were ancient Greeks shared ideas with one another which let to innovation.
plato
student of Socrates came up with the idea of the cave founded the worlds first university ''the academy'' Alexander the Great attended this Academy!
social media plato cave reason
there are many people in the world that belive everything they read and they refuse to belive anything besides their created truth. They are too scared to look at any other possibilities
Olympic games
they began in ancient Greece
dedicated to the Greek gods
first compettitons included - charriot racing, running and boxing. later on marethon running was included
marethon
when the Athenians
learned that the Persians had landed at Marathon on the way to
attack Athens, a messenger was sent running to Sparta with a
request for help. This original “marathon runner” covered 260 km
of rugged terrain in less than two days! The Persians landed at the bay of Marathon. The army of the Athenians defeated the Persian army. after the batte the athenain army ranback to Athens in order to prevent the persians from attacking the city. this is the origin of the marethon running race
The battle of Thermopylae
The Greeks put together a small force
They met at a narrow pass in the mountains
The Persians found a way around the Greeks.
The king told most of his troops to flee but he stayed behind with a small force in order to let the rest escape.
The spartans fought to the death, killing as many persians as they could
battle of Salamis
The Persians arrived at Athens and all the Athenians had fled and they were all waiting by the coast.
the Persians attacked the small Athenian ships. They were sure of victory but the small ships were called triremes and they were fast and maneuverable. They rammed into the sides of the large Persian ships and sunk them. They soundly defeated the Persians.
Alexander the great
he was a Macedonian king
he was a expert horseman
he united the Greek city-states
He defeated the Persian armies and conquered their empire
he created a massive empire
His conquests included Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Egypt,
Mesopotamia, Persia and he extended the boundaries of his
empire as far as India
