Ancient Greece (2000-300 BC) Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 things are surrounding Greece?

A
  1. Penninsula
  2. 3/4 mountains
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2
Q

polis

A

city state (like a country)

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3
Q

when were the Dark Ages of Greece?

A

1500-800 BC

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4
Q

who lived on Crete?

A

minoans

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5
Q

who did the Greeks learn how to sail from?

A

minoans

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6
Q

chief god

A

zeus

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7
Q

god of underworld

A

hades

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8
Q

god of sea

A

posiedon

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9
Q

god of music, sun, prophecy

A

apollo

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10
Q

goddess of love

A

aphrodite

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11
Q

god of war

A

aries

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12
Q

messanger god

A

hermes

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13
Q

goddess of wisdom

A

athena

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14
Q

oracle

A

someone who talks to the gods

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15
Q

who had the best and most accurate prophecies?

A

oracle at delphi

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16
Q

was the greatest Greek storyteller

A

homer

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17
Q

trojan war (book)

A

Illiad

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18
Q

book about odyseuss

A

Odyssey

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19
Q

who was the trojan war fought over?

A

Helen

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20
Q

why did helen’s suitors fight in the trojan war?

A

her father made suitors sign something making them support her daughter’s future husband.

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21
Q

who did helen marry?

A

menelaus

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22
Q

who stole helen from menelaus?

A

paris

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23
Q

who was the leader of the greek naval fleet?

A

agamemnon (helen’s brother-in-law)

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24
Q

what does the oracle at delphi tell Agamemnon to do ?

A

she tells him to kill his daughter and he does

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25
Q

QUOTE: “face that launched 1,000 ship” who said this

A

marlowe

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26
Q

QUOTE: “face that launched 1,000 ship” meaning

A

so pretty that anyone would fight for her

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27
Q

how long was the trojan war?

A

10 years

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28
Q

Paris vs. Menelaus who wins

A

menelaus wins and paris runs away / menelaus gets helen back

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29
Q

who was the greatest warrior for the trojans?

A

hector (paris’ brother)

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30
Q

who was the greatest warrior for the greeks?

A

achilles

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31
Q

what was Achilles’ weakness?

A

his mother dipped him in magical water, but didn’t get his heels (achilles’ heel)

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32
Q

what was achilles’ personality like?

A

arrogant

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33
Q

ajax

A

great greek warrior

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34
Q

hector vs. patroclus

A

patroclus dressed in achilles’ armor to get the greek spirits up. then hector killed him

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35
Q

hector vs. achilles

A

achilles wins (revenge for killing patroclus)

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36
Q

who came up with the trojan horse?

A

odysseus

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37
Q

who won the trojan war?

A

greece

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38
Q

what did hienrik schlieman find?

A

a city that was destroyed by war that is supposedly troy

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39
Q

how did the greeks fight?

A

phalanx

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40
Q

spartan slaves

A

helot

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41
Q

how many spartans did 1 spartan have

A

8

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42
Q

what did they do to babies in sparta?

A

gave them medical exams at birth to look for birth defects

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43
Q

what did they allegedly do to babies in sparta if they weren’t perfect?

A

throw them off a cliff

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44
Q

when did spartan men start training

A

age 7

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45
Q

how long did they train

A

7-20

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46
Q

life of a spartan in training

A

-one cloth a year
-no shoes
-starve them
-wanted them to be sneaky
-king of the mountain

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47
Q

what happened spartan men at age 20

A

had to pass an exam where they had to survive in the mountains for 2 weeks. then murder a helot without getting caught

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48
Q

when could spartan men retire

A

age 60

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49
Q

what could spartan men do at the age of 60

A

join the council of elders

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50
Q

oligarchy

A

rule by a few people

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51
Q

what did women and sparta do

A

went through training just not as intense as men and main goal was to have children

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52
Q

QUOTE: “come back with shield or on it” who said it

A

women in sparta to their husbands or sons

53
Q

QUOTE: “come back with shield or on it” meaning

A

either win or die trying

54
Q

collectivism

A

no individuality

55
Q

only 2 types of people worth remembering in sparta

A

men who died in combat and women who died in child birth

56
Q

spartan values

A

war is only imporant

57
Q

monarchy (1st athen government)

A

one leader

58
Q

aristocracy (2nd athen government)

A

ruled by rich people

59
Q

democracy (3rd government)

A

rule by the people

60
Q

athens government

A

council of 500

61
Q

how did council of 500 work

A

randomly chosen and could only serve one year

62
Q

ostraika vote

A

write down a name and whoever got the most votes was banished from athens for 10 yrs

63
Q

what was athens most important subject

A

rhetoric/speech

64
Q

why was education so important in athens

A

because you will be in the government one day

65
Q

acropolis

A

high point in city states

66
Q

when do athens men join military

A

at 18

67
Q

how long did athens men have to serve in the military

A

2 years

68
Q

how were women treated in athens

A

no rights and could never be citizens

69
Q

individualism

A

be your own person

70
Q

who founded persia

A

cyrus the great

71
Q

who was the persian king during the persian wars

A

king darius

72
Q

QUOTE: “remember the athenians” who said this

A

persian slave to darius

73
Q

QUOTE: “remember the athenians” meaning

A

fight athens because he enslaved the persian messangers

74
Q

persia sent messangers to greek city-states letting them know they were invading demanding “earth and water”

A

athenians sent them to jail and sparta killed them

75
Q

what was the first big battle in the Persian wars

A

battle at marathon

76
Q

who fought in the battle of marathon

A

athens and persians

77
Q

who had to run to sparta to ask them for help

A

pheidippides and the spartans said no

78
Q

who won battle at marathon and why

A

athens won because of the phalanx

79
Q

what does nike mean

A

victory

80
Q

who is xerxes

A

darius’ son and king

81
Q

who fought in the battle at thermopylae

A

persians vs. sparta

82
Q

who was the spartan king during thermopylae

A

leonidas

83
Q

how long did the battle at thermopylae last

A

3 days

84
Q

dionekes quote

A

“fight in the shade” he said this to a persian who said they had so many arrows it would block out the sun

85
Q

what did leonidas tell the other greeks to do on day 3 of the battle

A

to leave and go figure out a way to beat he persians for good, and the spartans would fight alone

86
Q

who won the battle at thermopylae

A

persians won and every spartan soldier died

87
Q

who fought in the battle of salamis

A

athens and persia

88
Q

where was the battle at salamis fought

A

on water

89
Q

who was the hero at battle of salamis

A

themistocles he came up with the idea of destroying their naval fleet

90
Q

what happened to themistocles

A

he boasted and bragged that they kicked him out of Athens for 10 yrs

91
Q

who won the battle of salamis

A

athens (greece)

92
Q

what was the result of the persian war

A

greece won against persia and then they went into a golden age. then the delian league was formed.

93
Q

athens or sparta: education focused on military

A

sparta

94
Q

athens or sparta: education focused on knowledge

A

athens

95
Q

athens or sparta: women had rights

A

sparta

96
Q

athens or sparta: women had no rights

A

athens

97
Q

athens or sparta: collectivism

A

sparta

98
Q

athens or sparta: individualism

A

athens

99
Q

athens or sparta: mandatory military service

A

both

100
Q

athens or sparta: had a council

A

both

101
Q

athens or sparta: education started at 7

A

both

102
Q

athens or sparta: used phalanx

A

both

103
Q

who was the best athens speaker and the leader during the Peloponnesian war

A

pericles

104
Q

what were perciles three goals for athens

A
  1. improve athens’ democracy
  2. improve athens’ navy
  3. beautify athens
105
Q

how was athens getting all of the money for improvement

A

used the delian league money

106
Q

what temple did athens build to worship athena

A

the parthenon

107
Q

who fought in the Peloponnesian war

A

sparta and athens

108
Q

what did athens do during the peloponnesian war

A

stayed inside athens and did not leave or fight

109
Q

how long did the peloponnesian war last

A

off and on for about 20-30 years

110
Q

what happened to the athenians because they stayed inside

A

a plague broke out that killed 1/3 of the population including pericles

111
Q

who won the peloponnesian war

A

sparta

112
Q

QUOTE: “unexamined life is not worth living

A
  • socrates
    -question everyhting
113
Q

who liked socrates

A

rebellious young people

114
Q

who didn’t like socrates

A

people in power and older people

115
Q

what was socrates arrested for and found guilty of

A

corrupting the youth

116
Q

what did scorates do after getting arrested

A

chose to die instead of leave athens and he drank hemlock

117
Q

who was socrates greatest student

A

plato

118
Q

who made the 1st school called the Acadmey to teach the things socrates talked about

A

plato

119
Q

who wrote The Republic and what was it about

A

plato and a perfect society

120
Q

what was Plato’s hierarchy

A
  1. philosophy kings
  2. warrior
  3. laborers
121
Q

who was platos’ greatest student

A

aristotle

122
Q

what school did aristotle found

A

the lyceum

123
Q

who was aristotles greatest student

A

alexander the great

124
Q

who is the pioneer of the medical field

A

Hippocrates

125
Q

who was the first historian

A

herodotus

126
Q

who recorded the persian wars

A

herodotus

127
Q

what were 2 faults of herodotus

A

he dramatized everything and was biased

128
Q

who recorded the Peloponnesian war

A

thucydides