Ancient Greece

Question 1

Mycenaeans

Answer 1

• people who settled on the Greek mainland (around 2000 B.C.)
  -name came from their leading city - Mycenae

Question 2

Trojan War

Answer 2

• during the 1200s B.C. the Mycenaeans fought a 10-year war against Troy (an
  independent trading city located in Anatolia); -this attack on Troy was one of the last
  Mycenaeans battle campaigns

Question 3

Dorian

Answer 3

• moved into war-torn countryside after Mycenaeans;
• spoke a dialect of Greek, were
  far less advanced than the Mycenaeans;
  -no written records exist from the 400-year period
  _between 1150 and 750 B.C. = the Dorian Age

Question 4

Homer -

Answer 4

-the greatest storyteller
- was blind
-his great epic poems: the lliad

Question 5

Epics

Answer 5

• narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds

Question 6

Myth

Answer 6

• Greeks traditional stories about their gods

Question 7

Polis

Answer 7

• the city-state
  -fundamental political unit in ancient Greece -( it was made up of a city
  and its surrounding countryside)

Question 8

Acropolis

Answer 8

• a fortified hilltop where citizens gathered to discuss city government

Question 9

Monarchy

Answer 9

• a form of government where a single person (king) ruled

Question 10

Aristocracy

Answer 10

• a government ruled by a small group of noble, landowning families

Question 11

Oligarchy

Answer 11

-a government ruled by a few powerful people

Question 12

Tyrants

Answer 12

• rulers( weren’t consider harsh and cruel)
  -they were looked upon as leaders who
  would work for the interests of the ordinary people

Question 13

Democracy

Answer 13

• citizens participated directly in political decisions
  making

Question 14

Helots

Answer 14

• peasants (sedliaci)forced to stay on the land they worked;
  -each year, the Spartans demanded
  half of the helots’ crops

Question 15

Phalanx

Answer 15

• the fearsome formation,
• it became the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world

Question 16

Persian wars

Answer 16

• a series of wars between Greece and Persian Empire (500 - 479 B.C.)

Question 17

Direct democracy

Answer 17

-a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through
representatives

Question 18

Classical art

Answer 18

-ideal beauty(not realistic)
- values of harmony, order, balance and proportion

Question 19

Tragedy

Answer 19

-a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, betrayal;

Question 20

dramatists:

Answer 20

-Aeschylus (Oresteia)
-Sophocles (Oedipus the King, Antigone)
-Euripides (Medea)

Question 21

Comedy

Answer 21

• contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude(primitive/simple) humor
  -Aristophanes= (The birds, Lysistrata)

Question 22

Peloponnesian War

Answer 22

• war between 2 city-states (Athens & Sparta); -Athens: the stronger navy
  -Sparta: the stronger army

-Athens lost its empire, power and wealth

Question 23

Philosophers

Answer 23

• “lovers of wisdom”
  -thinkers who were determined to seek the truth,no matter where the search led them(consequences)

Question 24

Socrates

Answer 24

• critic of Sophists
  -he believed that the absolute standards did exist for truth and justice
  -he encouraged Greeks to go farther and question themselves and their moral
  character

Question 25

Plato

Answer 25

• a student of Socrates
• he wrote The Republic( there he set his vision of a perfectly governed society)
  -> 3 groups of citizens: farmers & artisans, warriors, and the ruling
  class
  –>the person with the greatest insight and intellect from the ruling class = philosopher-
  king

Question 26

Aristotle

Answer 26

• questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge

Question 27

Philip I.

Answer 27

• king of Macedonia
  -a brilliant general and a ruthless (cruel)politician

Question 28

Macedonia

Answer 28

• located north of Greece-
  had rough terrain and a cold climate

Question 29

Alexander the Great

Answer 29

• Philip’s son
  -Aristotle’s student

Question 30

Darius Ill.

Answer 30

• The Persian king

Question 31

Hellenistic culture

Answer 31

• Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian and Indian(EPI) influences

Question 32

Koine

Answer 32

-the popular spoken language used in Hellenistic cities

Question 33

Alexandria

Answer 33

• the Egyptian city
• became the primary centre of commerce (trade)and Hellenistic civilization
• its population exceeded half a million people

Question 34

Euclid

Answer 34

• a highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria
• his work is still the foundation
  in geometry

Question 35

Archimedes

Answer 35

-Hellenistic scientist
- estimated the value of pi

Question 36

Colossus of Rhodes

Answer 36

• the largest known Hellenistic statue
  -bronze statue stood more
  than 100 feet high