Ancient Greece Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Myth?

A

A traditional story that explains the practices or beliefs of a people, or something in the natural world.

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2
Q

What is a Fable?

A

A story meant to teach a lesson

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3
Q

What is a Ritual?

A

Words or actions that are part of a religious ceremony

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4
Q

What is an Oracle?

A

A sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess

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5
Q

What is an Oral Tradition?

A

The custom of passing along stories by speech

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6
Q

What is a Drama?

A

A story written in the form of a play

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7
Q

What is a Tragedy?

A

A play or film in which characters fail to overcome serious problems

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8
Q

What is a Comedy?

A

A play or film that tells a humorous story

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9
Q

Who were the Greek Gods?

A

The Greeks, like other cultures, worshipped gods. The Greek gods were powerful beings, but looked and acted like humans. Greeks believed the 12 most important gods and goddesses lived on Mt. Olympus.

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10
Q

Who was Homer?

A

Homer was a poet that composed two of the most famous writings, the Iliad and the Odyssey during the 700s B.C

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11
Q

What were the Iliad and the Odyssey?

A

The Iliad was the story of the prince of Troy falling in love with Helen- the wife of a Greek King- and kidnaps her. The kidnapping angers the Greeks, and for revenge and to get Helen back, they deliver the Trojan horse to the Trojans.
The Odyssey is the story of a Greek hero Odysseus returning home after the Trojan war.

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12
Q

Who was Aesop?

A

Aesop was a writer that was credited with the idea of fables

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13
Q

Who was Aeschylus?

A

Aeschylus was the earliest Greek Dramatist. One of his dramas is a set of three plays called the Oresteia.

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14
Q

Who was Sophocles?

A

Sophocles was a great Athenian writer. In his plays, Sophocles accepted suffering as a real part of life. He pushed courage and understanding.

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15
Q

Who was Euripides?

A

Euripides was another great writer in Ancient Greece. He wrote about ordinary human beings in realistic situations. His plays often showed the suffering caused by war.

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16
Q

Who was Aristophanes?

A

Aristophanes was the most famous writer of Greek comedies. His works were about the leaders and the issues of his time. He encouraged people to think and laugh.

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17
Q

How did Greek drama develop?

A

In early Greek dramas, a group of performers called the chorus presented the story through singing and dancing. Later, dramas used several actors on stage that would act the conflicts among the characters.

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18
Q

What was Greek art and architecture?

A

The ancient Greeks created arts and architectures that expressed the ideals of reason, balance, and harmony. The characteristics of Greek art became the artistic style that we now call classical

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19
Q

What were Sophists?

A

Greek teachers of philosophy, reasoning and public speaking

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20
Q

What is rhetoric?

A

The art of speaking and debate

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21
Q

What is the Socratic Method?

A

The philosophical method of questioning to gain truth

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22
Q

What is the Hippocratic Oath?

A

A set of promises about patient care that new doctors make when they start practicing medicine

23
Q

What is a Philosopher?

A

A thinker that was involved in creating a new body of knowledge. The body of knowledge they created is called philosophy

24
Q

Who was Socrates?

A

Socrates was a sculptor by training, but he loved philosophy. He lived in Athens and spent most of his time teaching. Socrates did not leave any written record of his beliefs. His information is found in his students writings. They reveal that he was a harsh critic of the Sophists. He created the Socratic Method,which taught to always ask questions.

25
Q

Who was Plato?

A

Plato was a philosopher and one of Socrates’ students. Plato became a teacher and founded a school in Athens called the Academy. He recorded his ideas in writing. One work Plato wrote was The Republic.

26
Q

Who was Aristotle?

A

Aristotle was a great philosopher of ancient Greece that wrote more than 200 works on topics such as government, astronomy, and political science. He started a school called Lyceum and taught the “Golden Mean”- the middle between two extremes.

27
Q

How did Greek history develop through time?

A

In many ways, the Greeks were like others, and believed that myths and legends were true. In 435 B.C, a philosopher Herodotus wrote a history of the Persian War.

28
Q

Who were the famous historians of ancient Greece?

A

Herodotus was a historian that wrote a story of the Persian war, and there was also Thucydides, famous historian - he was a general in the Peloponnesian War, and he considered that event a major event in history. Unlike Herodotus, Thucydides rejected the idea that gods affected human history.

29
Q

How did the ancient Greeks influence Science in our time?

A

The ancient greeks developed many scientific ideas. in ancient times, many thought that gods controlled nature. early greek scientists thought that natural events could be explained logically and that people could discover the causes of these events by using reason.

30
Q

Who were some important early Greek scientists?

A

The first important Greek scientist was Thales of Miletus- he studied mathematics and astronomy, and he made discoveries by observing and thinking. Another Greek scientist was Pythagoras, a mathematician. he believed all relationships could be expressed in numbers, and he created the Pythagorean Theorem.

31
Q

How did early Greek Medicine develop?

A

The ancient Greeks studied medicine, or the science of treating illness. Hippocrates was a physician in ancient Greece who is called the “father of medicine”. He used his new ideas to cure other diseases. He created a list of rules known as the Hippocratic Oath- the Hippocratic Oath states that doctors should do their best to help their patient.

32
Q

What is a Cavalry?

A

Part of an army in which the soldiers ride horses

33
Q

What was the Hellenistic Era?

A

The time period following the death of Alexander during which Greek culture spread through the known world

34
Q

Who was King Philip II?

A

King Philip II was the King of Macedonia until he died, and his son took over. He created a strong army. Philip planned to unite the Greek city-states under his rule and destroy the mighty Persian Empire. Sadly, he died before he could go on with his plan.

35
Q

Who was Alexander the Great?

A

Alexander was the son of King Philip II and he took over as king at the age of 20. Although young, he was prepared. By age 16, Alexander was serving as a commander in the Macedonian army. He conquered the eastern Mediterranean, Egypt, the Middle East, and parts of Asia.

36
Q

Who was Darius III?

A

Darius III was the king of Persia during the time of Alexander’s reign.

37
Q

What was the story of Achilles?

A

Alexander was said to have gotten his courage from his early education. As a boy, he read the Greek Epics. His role model was Homer’s Greek hero warrior Achilles.

38
Q

What is Epicureanism?

A

The philosophy of Epicurus, stating that the purpose of life is to look for happiness and peace

39
Q

What is Stoicism?

A

The philosophy of the Stoics who believed that people should not try to feel joy or sadness- developed by thinker Zeno.

40
Q

What is Circumference?

A

The outer border of a circle; the measurement of that border

41
Q

What is Plane Geometry?

A

A branch of mathematics centered around measurement and relationships of points, lines, angles, and surfaces of figures on a plane

42
Q

What is Solid Geometry?

A

A branch of mathematics about measurement and relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional space

43
Q

Who was Apollonius?

A

Apollonius was a Hellenistic writer that wrote an epic poem called Argonautica. It tells the story of Jason and his band of heroes.

44
Q

Who was Theocritus?

A

Theocritus was another Hellenistic writer that wrote short poems about the beauties of nature.

45
Q

Who was Menander?

A

Menander was one of the best known playwrights in the Hellenistic Era. He was considered the most important poet of Greek Comedy.

46
Q

Who was Epicurus?

A

Epicurus founded a philosophy known as Epicureanism. He taught his students that finding happiness was the goal of life. He believed that the way to be happy was to avoid pain. Epicureans avoided worry.

47
Q

Who was Zeno?

A

A Phoenician thinker named Zeno developed a philosophy called Stoicism.The Stoics claimed that people who were guided by their emotions lived unhappy lives. They believed that happiness resulted from using reason. Sound thinking, they thought, should guide decisions. Today, the word stoic is used to describe someone who seems not affected by joy or sadness.

48
Q

Who was Aristarchus?

A

Aristarchus was an astronomer that claimed that the sun was at the center of the universe. He said that Earth circled the sun.

49
Q

Who was Eratosthenes?

A

Eratosthenes was the chief librarian at the library at Alexandria. After study and research, Eratosthenes concluded that Earth was round. He then used his knowledge to measure Earth’s circumference

50
Q

Who was Euclid?

A

Euclid was a mathematician. His best-known book Elements describes plane geometry. Plane geometry is one branch of mathematics. It shows how points, lines, angles, and surfaces relate to one another.

51
Q

Who was Archimedes?

A

Archimedes was the most famous scientist in the Hellenistic Era. Archimedes worked on solid geometry. He studied ball-like shapes, called spheres, and tubelike shapes, called cylinders. He also figured out the value of pi. This number is used to measure the area of circles. It is represented by the Greek symbol π.Archimedes was also an inventor. He developed machinery and weapons of war.

52
Q

How did sciences develop in the Hellenistic Era?

A

Science also flourished during the Hellenistic Era. Even though Hellenistic scientists used simple instruments, they performed many experiments and developed new theories. theories about outer space and different math types were created.

53
Q

How did maths develop in the Hellenistic Era?

A

Different types of math and more inventions were created to expand the knowledge of peers.